Whatever the dating method, we need an agreed measure of time in order to construct a chronology. Most human measuring systems reckon on the basis of years. Thus even age measurements such as radioactive clocks that are independent of annual cycles need for our purposes to be converted into years. Often when there are dating method itself that is at fault. Our timescale in years must date from or to a fixed point in time. In the Christian world, this is by convention taken as the birth of Christ, supposedly in the year AD 1 (there is no year 0), with years counted back before Christ (BC) and forwards after Christ (AD or Anno Domini, Latin for “In the Year of Our Lord”). In the Greek world, the notional starting point was the holding of the first Olympic Game (reckoned at 776 BC in the Christian Calendar) whereas for Muslims the basic fixed point is the date of the Prophet’s departure from Mecca, the Hegira (reckoned at AD 622 in the Christian Calendar).

Apa pun metode berpacaran, kita membutuhkan ukuran yang disepakati waktu untuk membangun sebuah kronologi. Kebanyakan sistem mengukur manusia menghitung berdasarkan tahun. Jadi meskipun ukuran usia seperti jam radioaktif yang independen terhadap siklus tahunan kebutuhan tujuan kita untuk dikonversi menjadi tahun. Seringkali ketika ada metode berpacaran itu sendiri yang bersalah. Skala waktu bertahun-tahun kami harus tanggal dari atau ke sebuah titik tetap pada waktunya. Dalam dunia Kristen, adalah dengan konvensi ini dianggap sebagai kelahiran Kristus, seharusnya pada tahun AD 1 (tidak ada tahun 0), dengan tahun yang dihitung kembali sebelum Kristus (SM) dan ke depan setelah Kristus (AD atau Anno Domini, Latin untuk Di Tahun Tuhan kita). Dalam dunia Yunani, yang nosional adalah titik awal pelaksanaan Olimpiade pertama Game (diperhitungkan pada 776 SM dalam kalender Kristen) sedangkan untuk muslim titik dasar adalah tanggal kepergian Nabi dari Makkah, Hijriyah (diperhitungkan di AD 622 di Kalender Kristen).

J Infect. 2012 Feb 10. [Epub ahead of print] Presentation, etiology and outcome of pneumonia in younger nursing home residents. Klapdor B, Ewig S, Schaberg T, Rohde G, Pletz MW, Schütte H, Welte T. Source Thoraxzentrum Ruhrgebiet, Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, EVK Herne and Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt Bochum, Germany. Abstract OBJECTIVE: Nursing-home acquired pneumonia comprises a pneumonia entity of elderly and comorbid patients with an increased risk for multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and a high mortality. We studied the specific impact of age on the presentation, etiology and outcome of patients with NHAP. METHODS: Data from the prospective multicenter CAPNETZ database were used for a comparison of the hospitalized younger nursing home residents with pneumonia to those aged ≥ 65 years as regards clinical presentation, comorbidity, severity at presentation, etiology, and outcome. RESULTS: Around 16% of patients with NHAP (n=100) were aged < 65 years and compared to those aged ≥ 65 years (n=518). Comorbidity was present in most patients with NHAP but the pattern of comorbidity differed significantly. The rate of potential MDR pathogens was low among both age groups (together around 5%). According to the CRB-65 score, NHAP presented less severe in the younger. Short and long-term mortality was twice as low in the younger with rates of 12.9% vs 26.6%, and 24.3% vs 43.8%, p 0.014 and 0.002), respectively. Whereas the rate of mechanical ventilation was more than twofold higher (12% vs 5%) (p=0.008), antimicrobial treatment attitudes did not account for different outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable proportion of younger patients with pneumonia resides in nursing homes. These differ in terms of clinical presentation, frequency and type of comorbidity, as well as outcome. NHAP is a heterogeneous entity, with age and comorbidity as the main determinant of NHAP characteristics. Keywordspneumonia - nursing home - residency - age - outcome.

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