Life expectancy

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Given the low percentage of men in nursing one would not expect to see a large amount of men in nursing management positions.

Diberikan peratusan yang rendah lelaki dalam bidang kejururawatan seseorang tidak menjangka akan dapat melihat jumlah besar lelaki dalam jawatan pengurusan kejururawatan.

in whatever condition, whatever you don't like, should't expect other people don't like too..

di dalam apa keadaan pun, apa yang anda tidak suka, anda tidak sepatutnya mengharapkan orang lain juga tak menyukainya..

This distribution is expected to increase by 20-30% in the second edition of the increase in subscriptions to fixed readers and the demands of society.

Pengedaran ini dijangka akan meningkat sebanyak 20-30% pada Edisi ke-2 dengan pertambahan langganan pembaca tetap dan permintaan masyarakat.

SGS is constantly looking beyond customers' and society's expectations in order to deliver market leading services wherever they are needed.
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SGS berusaha melampaui ekspektasi pelanggan dan masyarakat untuk menghasilkan layanan pasar terdepan yang dibutuhkan.
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Nokia Bluetooth Headset BH-208 untuk Anda jika Anda mengharapkan yang terbaik dari headset dan tidak akan mengecewakan Anda saat Anda membutuhkannya.Nokia Bluetooth Headset BH-208 untuk Anda jika Anda mengharapkan yang terbaik dari headset dan tidak akan mengecewakan Anda saat Anda membutuhkannya.
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The Nokia Bluetooth Headset BH-201 is for you if you expect the best design and flawless functionality for a reasonable price.The Nokia Bluetooth Headset BH-201 is for you if you expect the best design and flawless functionality for a reasonable price.
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Nokia Bluetooth Headset BH-201 untuk Anda jika Anda mengharapkan desain terbaik dan fungsi yang sempurna dengan harga yang pantas.Nokia Bluetooth Headset BH-201 untuk Anda jika Anda mengharapkan desain terbaik dan fungsi yang sempurna dengan harga yang pantas.
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Background of the Study One of the strong aims of the nursing fields is to attract a high-quality group of nursing staffs comprised of staff nurses that have professional experiences in the discipline (Yoder-Wise, 2003). This primary aim of the nursing field is substantiated by the fact that increased satisfaction that is experienced by patients and their families may only be achieved if the staff nurses possess a high-level quality of care. In addition to this, staff nurses are also expected to possess a strong knowledge base on their professions as well as execute professional care delivery in a holistic way. In the present system of care delivery, it is strongly being promoted that staff nurses must demonstrate professionalism in all areas of their job functions (Yoder-Wise, 2003). The strong promotion of the healthcare institutions on professionalism among staff nurses is mainly driven by the fact that staff nurses possess high accountability levels in their line of work (Yoder-Wise, 2003). Not only are they expected to provide job satisfaction among their patients and their patients’ families, but they are also being encouraged to grow in their knowledge and experience for as long as they maintain their professions (Yoder-Wise, 2003). Over the years of their exercise on nursing practices, there is a huge tendency for their skills to slowly be degraded and this primarily the reason why in the nursing field, the further refinement of the skills of staff nurses are being encouraged (Yoder-Wise, 2003). In order for them to provide the maximum amount of quality patient care, it is a must that they pursue additional knowledge and learning sources which will not only benefit them but also their patients and ultimately the entire healthcare industry (Yoder-Wise, 2003). According to Yfantis, Tiniakou, and Yfanti (2010) the concept of continuing professional development or CPD is defined as a “systematic maintenance” that is aimed at improving and broadening the set of knowledge and skills and promote the development of the personal qualities of staff nurses that are necessary for the professional execution of their technical duties as healthcare staffs (Yfantis, Tiniakou, and Yfanti, 2010). Magginson and Whitaker (2003) the process involved in the continuing professional development actually allows the individuals to take control of their own methods of learning and development as it pushes them to engage continuously in an ongoing process comprised of consistent action and reflection. Before, whereas CPD is mainly considered as being sought to satisfy the needs of each individual, it is now gradually being used to provide the needs of the employers and the entire profession for benefit of the society in its entirety (DiMauro, 2000). In the field of nursing, the concept of CPD has especially gained renown as a critical subset and means of promoting lifelong learning (Magginson and Whitaker, 2003). It has gained special recognition in its professional and personal application because in the recent years, it has played a role in addressing the needs of the health service delivery sector including the individual learning needs of the various healthcare professionals (DiMauro, 2000; Magginson and Whitaker, 2003). Nevertheless, the problem was that many staff nurses and other healthcare professionals have encountered challenges in terms of gaining access to the continuing professional development as in most case, the ones who are supposed to be given opportunities for CPD are being limited by the traditional methods of learning like the usual academic programmes. Unfortunately also, those few individuals who managed to take CPD programmes suffer from the shortcomings in the quality of the training programmes that are being provided to them. But regardless of the criticisms ((DiMauro, 2000) against the different CPD programmes that are currently being provided to staff nurses, continuing professional development is still being strongly promoted in order to cover the additional learning needs of the professional nurses and enable them to acquire extra skills and talents that will effectively facilitate the development of their careers in the succeeding years (DiMauro, 2000). This dissertation paper aims to justify the importance and the benefits of continuing professional development for staff nurses in line with increasing their knowledge and skills as well as improving the quality of the different services and departments of the different healthcare institutions. Also, since the CPD is considered as the main method to improve the self-image of staff nurses including the way they treat their patients and their patients’ families, this dissertation paper will try to explore how it can indeed benefit the staff nurses in relation to their basic functions and job responsibilities in the institutions they serve (Wood, 2006). B. Aims and Objectives of the Study The main aim and objective of this dissertation study is to propose the promotion of the continuing professional development for staff nurse in order to increase their knowledge and skills, improve the quality of services they provide, and improve the self-image of the departments they serve. This is in line with the various literature references stating that continuing learning is beneficial to an individual regardless of his

statement

History The contemporary wedding cake has grown out of many traditions. One of the first traditions began in Ancient Rome; bread was broken over the bride’s head to bring good fortune to the couple.[2] In medieval England cakes were stacked as high as possible for the bride and groom to kiss over, if they successfully kissed over the stack they were guaranteed a prosperous life.[3] From this the Croquembouche was created. The legend of this cake says that a pastry chef, visiting medieval England, witnessed their tradition of piling sweet rolls between the bride and groom which they would attempt to kiss over without knocking them all down. The pastry chef then went back to France and piled sweet rolls up into a tower to make the first Croquembouche.[2] In some places where “bride’s pie” was served, guests were expected to have a piece out of politeness←; it was considered very rude to not have a piece. One of the traditions of bride’s pie was to place a ring in the middle and the maiden who found it would be the next to marry, similar to the modern tradition of catching the flower bouquet. Bride pie developed into bride cake in the 17th century though the bride’s pie remained popular until the 19th century. The bride cake was traditionally a plum or fruit cake.[1] Fruit cakes were a sign of fertility and prosperity which helped them gain popularity. The bride’s cake eventually transformed into the modern wedding cake. [4] In the 1600s two cakes were made, one for the bride and one for the groom. When the two cake began being served together, the groom's cake was typically the darker colored, rich fruitcake. In contrast, the bride’s cake was usually a simple pound cake with white icing because white was a sign of virginity and purity.[5] The white coloring also had other meanings for people in the 17th century. Sugar was becoming easier to obtain, but the more refined and whiter sugars were expensive; having a very pure white frosting showed off the wealth of the family.[6] When Queen Victoria used white icing on her cake it gained a new title, royal icing.[7] The modern wedding cake as we know it now originated with Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany’s marriage and wedding cake in 1882; his was the first to actually be completely edible. His cakes were iced, and after the ice hardened, they were stacked on top of each other to create a tiered cake, using the icing for support was not common before his wedding. In 1902, pillars to separate and support the tiers of the layered cake were developed. The tiers represented prosperity and were also a status symbol for the family who could afford a tiered cake.[8] [edit]Symbolism One of the most obvious symbolic traditions is the cake’s white color to symbolize virginity and purity. Cutting the cake together as bride and groom symbolizes their first task in married life. However, this tradition actually originated because the wife needed her husband’s strength to cut through the thick, hard icing on the early modern wedding cake. By feeding each other the bride and groom are symbolizing their commitment to provide for each other.[9] [edit]Superstitions The wedding cake is surrounded by superstitions; its origins are even based on one. The cake being broken over the bride’s head was to bring good fortune to the couple. The guests would eat the crumbs from the broken cake for good luck. When the bride pie was served, often a ring was placed in the middle and the maiden who found it would be the next to marry. Every guest was expected to have a piece because the pie was assurance that the couple would be happy together, it was very rude for a guest to not have any of the pie.[10] Another superstition was that bachelorettes should sleep with a piece of the cake under her pillow and she would dream of the person fate intended for her. Another way to dream of their future husbands was for the bride and groom to pass pieces of cake through the bride’s wedding ring and then the bachelorette would then sleep with a crumb of it in her left stocking and the rest under her pillow.[11] [edit]Modern adaptations A contemporary wedding cake Wedding cake toppers are small models that sit on top of the cake, normally a representation of a bride and groom in formal wedding attire. This custom was dominant in US weddings in the 1950s where it represented the concept of togetherness.[12] Wedding toppers today are often figures that indicate shared hobbies or other passions, if they are used at all.[12] Wedding cakes can also be decorated with flowers. In the United Kingdom, the traditional wedding cake is made from a rich fruitcake, although many modern cakes now consist of either vanilla sponge, chocolate sponge or carrot cake. Most cakes are between three and five tiers in height. Among some more elaborate cakes the United Kingdom see are those prepared for the Royal Weddings.

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