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os piolhos são actualmente classificados em quatro subordens:* anoplura: piolhos sugadores/picadores, parasitam exclusivamente mamíferos, onde se inclui o piolho humano* rhyncophthirina: parasitas de facóqueros e elefantes* ischnocera: piolhos mastigadores de aves e mamíferos* amblycera: piolhos mastigadores de aves e mamíferosem classificações mais antigas, eles eram divididos em duas ordens: mallophaga (piolhos mastigadores) e anoplura (piolhos sugadores).
==classification==the order has traditionally been divided into two suborders, the sucking lice (anoplura) and the chewing lice (mallophaga); however, recent classifications suggest that the mallophaga are paraphyletic and four suborders are now recognized:* anoplura: sucking lice, occurring on mammals exclusively* rhynchophthirina: parasites of elephants and warthogs* ischnocera: mostly avian chewing lice, however, one family parasitizes mammals* amblycera: a primitive suborder of chewing lice, widespread on birds, however, also live on south-american and australian mammalsit has been suggested that the order is contained by the troctomorpha suborder of psocoptera.