Usted buscó: characterised (Inglés - Suajili)

postcolonial states inherited extractive economic and social institutions, characterised by a sharply marked dualism between a small formal sector and a huge informal sector, including farmers.
nchi zilizowahi kutawaliwa na wakoloni zilirithi uchumi na taasisi za kijamii zenye misingi ya kinyonyaji, hali inayodhihirishwa na pande mbili zenye tofauti kubwa kati ya sekta ndogo rasmi na sekta kubwa isiyo rasmi, ikiwa ni pamoja na kilimo.

similarly, many countries are characterised by a dualism in education and health, distinguished by the coexistence of expensive, private and public elite institutions situated in the capital, and a core sector (primary schools and health centres) lacking personnel, poorly stocked, and unevenly spread out across the region.
hivyo hivyo, nchi nyingi za afrika zinasifa ya upacha wa elimu na afya, zinazotofautishwa na uwepo wa taasisi ghali, za binafsi na zile za umma zoete zikiwa mijini, na sekta kubwa (shule za msingi na vituo vya afya) vikikosa wataalamu, vifaa duni, na kutokuwepo maeneo yote ya nchi.