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these have been used to explore the transition between a superfluid and a mott insulator, and may be useful in studying bose–einstein condensation in fewer than three dimensions, for example the tonks–girardeau gas.
bunlar süper iletkende ve bir mott yalıtıcı arasındaki geçişi araştırmak ve Örnek tonks-girardeau gaz için, daha az üç boyutta bose-einstein yoğunlaşma incelenmesinde yararlı olarak kullanılmıştır.

460–360 bc)*david m. dennison — united states (1900–1976)*david deutsch — israel, uk (born 1953)*james dewar — uk (1842–1923)*robbert dijkgraaf — netherlands (born 1960)*savas dimopoulos — united states (born 1952)*paul dirac — uk (1902–1984) nobel laureate*revaz dogonadze — soviet union, georgia (1931–1985)*christian doppler — austria (1803–1853)*henk dorgelo — netherlands (1894–1961)*robert döpel — germany (1895–1982)*friedrich ernst dorn — germany (1848–1916)*michael r. douglas — united states (born 1961)*sidney drell — united states (born 1926)*paul drude — germany (1863–1906)*f. j. duarte — united states*pierre louis dulong — france (1785–1838)*samuel t. durrance — united states (born 1943)*freeman dyson — uk, united states (born 1923) wolf laureate== e ==*joseph h. eberly — united states (born 1935)*william eccles — uk (1875–1966)*carl eckart — united states (1902–1973)*sir arthur eddington — uk (1882–1944)*paul ehrenfest — austria-hungary, netherlands (1880–1933)*felix ehrenhaft — austria-hungary, united states (1879–1952)*manfred eigen — germany (born 1927)*albert einstein — germany, italy, switzerland, united states (1879–1955) nobel laureate*terence james elkins — australia, united states (born 1936)*john ellis — uk (born 1946)*r. keith ellis — uk, united states (born 1949)*arpad elo — hungary (1903–1992)*françois englert — belgium (born 1932) nobel laureate*david enskog — sweden (1884–1947)*loránd eötvös — austria-hungary (1848–1919)*leo esaki — japan (born 1925) nobel laureate*ernest esclangon — france (1876–1954)*louis essen — uk (1908–1997)*leonhard euler — switzerland (1707–1783)*denis evans — australia (born 1951)*paul peter ewald — germany, united states (1888–1985)*james alfred ewing — uk (1855–1935)*franz s. exner — austria (1849–1926)*thomas edison — united states (1847–1931)== f ==*ludvig faddeev — russia (born 1934)*daniel gabriel fahrenheit — prussia (1686–1736)*kazimierz fajans — poland, united states (1887–1975)*michael faraday — uk (1791–1867)*eugene feenberg — united states (1906–1977)*mitchell feigenbaum — united states (born 1944)*gerald feinberg — united states (1933–1992)*enrico fermi — italy (1901–1954) nobel laureate*albert fert — france (born 1938) nobel laureate*herman feshbach — united states (1917–2000)*richard feynman — united states (1918–1988) nobel laureate*wolfgang finkelnburg — germany (1905–1967)*david finkelstein — united states (born 1929)*johannes fischer — germany (born 1887)*val logsdon fitch — united states (born 1923) nobel laureate*george francis fitzgerald — ireland (1851–1901)*hippolyte fizeau — france (1819–1896)*vladimir aleksandrovich fock — imperial russia, soviet union (1898–1974)*adriaan fokker — netherlands (1887–1972)*james david forbes — uk (1809–1868)*léon foucault — france (1819–1868)*joseph fourier — france (1768–1830)*ralph h. fowler — uk (1889–1944)*william alfred fowler — united states (1911–1995) nobel laureate*james franck — germany, united states (1882–1964) nobel laureate*ilya frank — soviet union (1908–1990) nobel laureate*benjamin franklin — united states (1706–1790)*rosalind franklin — uk (1920–1958)*walter franz — germany (1911–1992)*joseph von fraunhofer — germany (1787–1826)*steven frautschi — united states (born 1933)*phyllis s. freier — united states (1921–1992))*augustin-jean fresnel — france (1788–1827)*peter freund — united states (born 1936)*alexander friedman — imperial russia, soviet union (1888–1925)*daniel friedan — united states*b. roy frieden — united states (born 1936)*jerome isaac friedman — united states (born 1930) nobel laureate*otto frisch — austria, uk (1904–1979)*erwin fues — germany (1893–1970)*harald fuchs — germany (born 1951)*georgy flyorov — rostov-on-don*vladimir fock — russia*yakov frenkel — st. petersburg== g ==*dennis gabor — hungary (1900–1979) nobel laureate*mary k. gaillard — france, united states (born 1939)*galileo galilei — italy (1564–1642)*luigi galvani — italy (1737–1798)*george gamow — russia, united states (1904–1968)*sylvester james gates — united states (born 1950)*carl friedrich gauss — germany (1777–1855)*joseph louis gay-lussac — france (1778–1850)*pamela l. gay - united states*hans geiger - germany (1882–1945)*andre geim - russian/british (born 1958) nobel laureate*murray gell-mann — united states (born 1929) nobel laureate*pierre-gilles de gennes — france (1932–2007) nobel laureate*howard georgi — united states (born 1947)*walter gerlach — germany (1889–1979)*christian gerthsen — denmark, germany (1894–1956)*andrea m. ghez — united states (born 1955)*riccardo giacconi — italy, united states (born 1931) nobel laureate*ivar giaever*josiah willard gibbs — united states (1839–1903)*william gilbert — england (1544–1603)*piara singh gill — india (1911–2002)*naomi ginsberg — united states (born 1979)*vitaly lazarevich ginzburg — soviet union, russia (1916–2009) nobel laureate*marvin d. girardeau — united states*gian francesco giudice — italy (born 1961)*donald arthur glaser — united states (born 1926) nobel laureate*sheldon lee glashow — united states (born 1932) nobel laureate*g. n. glasoe – united states (1902–1987)*roy jay glauber — united states (born 1925) nobel laureate*james glimm — united states (born 1934)*karl glitscher — germany (1886–1945)*peter goddard — uk (born 1945)*maria goeppert-mayer — germany, united states (1906–1972) nobel laureate*gerald goertzel - united states (1920–2002)*marvin leonard goldberger — united states (born 1922)*maurice goldhaber — austria, united states (1911–2011)*jeffrey goldstone — uk, united states (born 1933)*sixto gonzález - puerto rico, united states (born 1965)*ravi gomatam — india (born 1950)*lev gor'kov — united states (born 1929)*samuel goudsmit — netherlands, united states (1902–1978)*leo graetz — germany (1856–1941)*willem 's gravesande — netherlands (1688–1742)*brian greene — united states (born 1963)*john gribbin — uk (born 1946)*vladimir gribov — russia (1930–1997)*david j. griffiths – united states (born 1942)*david gross — united states (born 1941) nobel laureate*frederick grover — united states (1876–1973)*peter grünberg — germany (born 1939) nobel laureate*charles Édouard guillaume — switzerland (1861–1931) nobel laureate*feza gürsey — turkey (1921–1992)*alan guth – united states (born 1947)*martin gutzwiller — switzerland (born 1925)*vitaly ginzburg — moscow== h ==*rudolf haag — germany (born 1922)*wander johannes de haas — netherlands (1878–1960)*alain haché — canada (born 1970)*carl richard hagen — united states (born 1937)*otto hahn — germany (1879–1968)*edwin hall — united states (1855–1938)*john lewis hall — united states (born 1934) nobel laureate*viktor hambardzumyan — armenia, russia (1908–1996)*william rowan hamilton — ireland (1805–1865)*theodor wolfgang hänsch — germany (born 1941) nobel laureate*peter andreas hansen — denmark (1795–1874)*w.w. hansen — united states (1909–1949)*serge haroche — france (born 1944) nobel laureate*paul harteck — germany (1902–1985)*john g. hartnett — australia (born 1952)*douglas hartree — uk (1897–1958)*friedrich hasenöhrl — austria, hungary (1874–1915)*lene vestergaard hau vejle, denmark (born 1959)*stephen hawking — uk (born 1942) wolf laureate*ibn al-haytham — iraq (965–1039)*evans hayward — united states*oliver heaviside — uk (1850–1925)*werner karl heisenberg — germany (1901–1976) nobel laureate*walter heitler — germany, ireland (1904–1981)*hermann von helmholtz — germany (1821–1894)*charles h. henry — united states (born 1937)*joseph henry — united states (1797–1878)*john herapath — uk (1790–1868)*carl hermann — germany (1898–1961)*gustav ludwig hertz — germany (1887-1975) nobel laureate*heinrich rudolf hertz — germany (1857–1894)*karl herzfeld — austria, united states (1892–1978)*victor francis hess — austria, united states (1883–1964) nobel laureate*mahmoud hessaby — iran (1903–1992)*antony hewish — uk (born 1924) nobel laureate*paul g. hewitt — us (born 1931)*peter higgs — uk (born 1929) nobel laureate*george william hill — united states (1838–1914)*gustave-adolphe hirn — france (1815–1890)*dorothy crowfoot hodgkin — england (1910–1994)*robert hofstadter — united states (1915–1990) nobel laureate*helmut hönl — germany (1903–1981)*pervez hoodbhoy — pakistan (born 1950)*gerardus 't hooft — netherlands (born 1946) nobel laureate*robert hooke — england (1635–1703)*john hopkinson — united kingdom (1849–1898)*johann baptiste horvath — slovakia (1732–1799)*william v. houston — united states (1900–1968)*charlotte (née riefenstahl) houtermans — germany (born 1899)*fritz houtermans — netherlands, germany, austria (1903–1996)*sir fred hoyle — uk (1915–2001)*john hubbard - uk (1931–1980)*john h. hubbell — united states (1925–2007)*edwin powell hubble — united states (1889–1953)*russell alan hulse — united states (born 1950) nobel laureate*friedrich hund — germany (1896–1997)*tahir hussain — pakistan (1923–2010)*andrew d. huxley — united kingdom (born 1966)*christiaan huygens — netherlands (1629–1695)== i ==*john iliopoulos — greece (born 1940)*elmer imes — united states (1883–1941)*nathan isgur — united states, canada (1947–2001)*ernst ising — germany (1900–1998)*jamal nazrul islam — bangladesh (born 1939)*werner israel — canada (born 1931)*abram ioffe — romny== j ==*roman jackiw — poland, united states (born 1939)*shirley ann jackson — united states (born 1946)*gregory jaczko — united states (born 1970)*jainendra jain — india*ratko janev — republic of macedonia*andreas jaszlinszky — hungary (1715–1783)*ali javan — iran (born 1928)*deborah s. jin - united states (born 1968)*edwin jaynes — united states (1922–1998)*sir james jeans — uk (1877–1946)*johannes hans daniel jensen — germany (1907–1973) nobel laureate*anthony m. johnson - united states (born 1954)*irène joliot-curie — france (1897–1956)*lorella jones — united states (1943–1995)*pascual jordan — germany (1902–1980)*brian david josephson — uk (born 1940) nobel laureate*james prescott joule — uk (1818–1889)*adolfas jucys — lithuania (1904–1974)*boris jacobi — potsdam==k==*menas kafatos - greece, united states (born 1945)*michio kaku — united states (born 1947)*heike kamerlingh onnes — netherlands (1853–1926) nobel laureate*theodor kaluza — germany (1885–1954)*william r. kanne — united states*charles k. kao — china, hong kong, united kingdom, united states (born 1933) nobel laureate*pyotr kapitsa — russian empire, soviet union (1894-1984) nobel laureate*theodore von kármán — hungary, united states (1881–1963)*alfred kastler — france (1902–1984) nobel laureate*amrom harry katz — united states (1915–1997)*predhiman k. kaw — india (born 1948)*heinrich kayser — germany (1853–1940)*willem hendrik keesom — netherlands (1876–1956)*edwin c. kemble — united states (1889–1984)*henry way kendall — united states (1926–1999) nobel laureate*johannes kepler — germany (1571–1630)*john kerr — uk (1824–1907)*wolfgang ketterle — germany (born 1957) nobel laureate*isaak markovich khalatnikov — soviet union (born 1919)*abdul qadeer khan — pakistan (born 1936)*julii khariton — soviet union (1904–1996)*erhard kietz — germany and united states (1909–1982)*jack st. clair kilby — united states (1923–2005) nobel laureate*toichiro kinoshita — japan, united states (born 1925)*gustav robert kirchhoff — germany (1824–1887)*oskar klein — sweden (1894–1977)*hagen kleinert — germany (born 1941)*klaus von klitzing — germany (born 1943) nobel laureate*jens martin knudsen — denmark (1930–2005)*martin knudsen — denmark (1871–1949)*makoto kobayashi — japan (born 1944) nobel laureate*arthur korn — germany (1870–1945)*masatoshi koshiba — japan (born 1926) nobel laureate*matthew koss — united states (born 1961)*walther kossel — germany (1888–1956)*lew kowarski — france (1907–1979)*hendrik kramers — netherlands (1894–1952)*adolf kratzer — germany (1893–1983)*lawrence krauss — united states (born 1954)*herbert kroemer — germany (born 1928) nobel laureate*august krönig — germany (1822–1879)*ralph kronig — germany, united states (1904–1995)*nikolay sergeevich krylov — soviet union (1917–1947)*ryogo kubo — japan (1920–1995)*igor vasilyevich kurchatov — soviet union (1903–1960)*behram kurşunoğlu — turkey (1922–2003)*polykarp kusch — germany (1911–1993) nobel laureate*yulii borisovich khariton — soviet union, russia (1904-1996)== l ==*james w. labelle — united states*joseph-louis lagrange — france (1736–1813)*willis lamb — united states (1913–2008) nobel laureate*lev davidovich landau — imperial russia, soviet union (1908–1968) nobel laureate*rolf landauer — united states (1927–1999)*kenneth lane — united states*paul langevin — france (1872–1946)*irving langmuir — united states (1881–1957)*joseph larmor — united kingdom (1857–1942)*cesar lattes — brazil (1924–2005)*max von laue — germany (1879–1960) nobel laureate*robert betts laughlin — united states (born 1950) nobel laureate*ernest lawrence — united states (1901–1958) nobel laureate*pyotr nikolaevich lebedev — imperial russia (1866–1912)*leon max lederman — united states (born 1922) nobel laureate*benjamin lee — korea, united states (1935–1977)*david lee — united states (born 1931) nobel laureate*tsung-dao lee — china, united states (born 1926) nobel laureate*anthony james leggett — uk, united states (born 1938) nobel laureate*gottfried wilhelm leibniz — germany (1646–1716)*robert b. leighton — united states (1919–1997)*georges lemaître — belgium (1894–1966)*philipp lenard — hungary, germany (1862–1947) nobel laureate*john lennard-jones — uk (1894–1954)*john leslie — uk (1766–1832)*walter lewin — netherlands, united states*martin lewis perl — united states (born 1927)*robert von lieben — austria-hungary (1878–1913)*alfred-marie liénard — france (1869–1958)*evgeny lifshitz — soviet union (1915–1985)*david lindley — united states (born 1956)*john linsley — united states (1925–2002)*chris lintott — uk (born 1980)*gabriel jonas lippmann — france, luxemburg (1845–1921) nobel laureate*antony garrett lisi — united states (born 1968)*karl l. littrow — austria (1811–1877)*oliver lodge — uk (1851–1940)*maurice loewy — austria, france (1833–1907)*robert k. logan — united states (born 1939)*alfred lee loomis — united states (1887–1975)*ramón e. lópez — united states (born 1959)*hendrik lorentz — netherlands (1853–1928) nobel laureate*johann loschmidt — germany (1821–1895)*archibald low — uk (1888–1956)*per-olov löwdin — sweden (1916–2000)*lucretius — rome (98?–55 bc)*joseph lykken — united states (born 1957)*aleksandr mikhailovich lyapunov — imperial russia (1857–1918)*grigory landsberg — vologda*mikhail lavrentyev — kazan*mikhail lomonosov — denisovka*oleg losev — tver== m ==*carolina henriette mac gillavry — netherlands (1904–1993)*ernst mach — austria-hungary (1838–1916)*luciano maiani — italy, san marino (born 1941)*theodore maiman — united states (1927–2007)*ettore majorana — italy (1906–1938 presumed dead)*sudhansu datta majumdar — india (1915–1997)*richard makinson — australia (1913–1979)*juan martín maldacena — argentina (born 1968)*Étienne-louis malus — france (1775–1812)*leonid isaakovich mandelshtam — imperial russia, soviet union (1879–1944)*peter mansfield — uk (born 1933)*carlo marangoni — italy (1840–1925)*guglielmo marconi — italy (1874–1937) nobel laureate*henry margenau — germany, united states (1901–1977)*william markowitz — united states (1907–1998)*robert marshak — united states (1916–1992)*walter marshall — uk (1932–1996)*toshihide maskawa — japan (born 1940) nobel laureate*harrie massey — australia (1908–1983)*john cromwell mather — united states (born 1946) nobel laureate*james clerk maxwell — uk (1831–1879)*brian may — uk (born 1947)*maria goeppert mayer — germany, united states (1906–1972)*ronald e. mcnair — united states (1950–1986)*simon van der meer — netherlands (1925–2011) nobel laureate*lise meitner — austria (1878–1968)*fulvio melia — united states (born 1956)*macedonio melloni — italy (1798–1854)*adrian melott — united states (born 1947)*thomas corwin mendenhall — united states (1841–1924)*m. g. k. menon — india (born 1928)*david merritt — united states*albert abraham michelson — united states (1852–1931) nobel laureate*stanislav mikheyev — russia (1940–2011)*robert andrews millikan — united states (1868–1953) nobel laureate*arthur milne — uk (1896–1950)*shiraz minwalla — india*kathryn moler — united states*john j. montgomery — united states (1858–1911)*jagadeesh moodera — india, united states (born 1950)*henry moseley — uk (1887–1915)*rudolf mössbauer — germany (1929–2011) nobel laureate*nevill mott — uk (1905–1996) nobel laureate*ben roy mottelson — denmark, united states (born 1926) nobel laureate*amédée mouchez — spain, france (1821–1892)*ali moustafa — egypt (1898–1950)*josé enrique moyal — palestine, france, uk, united states, australia (1910–1998)*mozi — china (ca.
287–212 bc)*aryabhata — pataliputra, hindistan (476–550)*avicenna — İran (980–1037)*abū rayhān al-bīrūnī — İran (973–1048)*andré-marie ampère — fransa (1775–1836)*amedeo avogadro — İtalya (1776–1856)*françois jean dominique arago — fransa (1786-1853)*ernst karl abbe — almanya (1840–1905)*miguel alcubierre — meksika (d. 1964)*derek abbott — avustralya (d. 1960)*alexei a. abrikosov — rusya (d.1928)*robert adler — abd (1913–2007)*stephen l. adler — abd (d. 1939)*ronald ernest aitchison — avustralya (1921–1996)*david z albert, abd*alexander animalu, nijerya (d. 1938)*zhores ivanovich alferov — rusya (d. 1930) nobel laureate*hannes olof gösta alfvén — İsveç (1908–1995)*jim al-khalili — İngiltere (d. 1962)*william allis — abd (1901-1999)*samuel king allison — abd (1900-1965)*yakov lvovich alpert — rusya, abd (1911–2010)*ralph asher alpher — abd (1921–2007)*luis walter alvarez — abd (1911–1988)*viktor ambartsumian — sovyetler birliği, ermenistan (1908–1996)*herbert l. anderson — abd (1914–1988)*anders jonas Ångström — İsveç (1814–1874)*anja cetti andersen — danimarka (d. 1965)*hans henrik andersen — danimarka (d. 1937)*carl david anderson — abd (1905-1991)*philip warren anderson — abd (d. 1923)*edward victor appleton — İngiltere (1892-1965)*manfred von ardenne — almanya (1907–1997)*neil ashby — abd (d. 1934)*nima arkani-hamed — abd (d. 1972)*gurgen askaryan — sovyetler birliği (1928–1997)*david awschalom — abd*franz aepinus — rostock*artem alikhanian — moskova*abraham alikhanov — rus İmparatorluğu*semen altshuler — rus İmparatorluğu*lev artsimovich — moskova*ayyub guliyev — azerbaycan (d. 1954)*jores alferov — rusya (d. 1930)== b ==* johann jakob balmer — İsviçre (1825–1898)* john bardeen — abd (1908–1991)* charles glover barkla — İngiltere (1877-1944)* laura maria caterina bassi — İtalya (1711-1778)* nikolay basov — rusya (1922-2001)* zoltán lajos bay — macaristan (1900–1992)* karl bechert — almanya (1901-1981)* isaac beeckman — hollanda (1588-1637)* john stewart bell — İngiltere (1928–1990)* henri becquerel — fransa (1852–1908)* johannes georg bednorz — almanya (d. 1950)* carl m. bender — abd (d. 1943)* william r. bennett — abd (1930- 2008)* daniel bernoulli — İsviçre (1700–1782)* hans bethe — almanya, abd (1906–2005)* gerd binnig — almanya (d. 1947)* jean-baptiste biot — fransa (1774–1862)* raymond t. birge — abd (1887–1980)* vilhelm bjerknes — norveç (1862–1951)* patrick blackett — İngiltere (1897-1947)* felix bloch — İsviçre (1905–1983)* nicolaas bloembergen — hollanda (d. 1920)* david bohm — abd (1917-1992)* niels bohr — danimarka (1885–1962)* aage niels bohr — danimarka (d. 1922)* ludwig boltzmann — avusturya (1844–1906)* max born — almanya, İngiltere (1882–1970)* rudjer josip boscovich — dubrovnik (1711–1787)* satyendra nath bose — hindistan (1894–1974)* johannes bosscha — holanda (1831-1911)* walther bothe — almanya (1891-1957)* robert boyle — İrlanda, İngiltere (1627–1691)* william henry bragg — İngiltere (1862-1942)* william lawrence bragg — avustralya (1890-1971)* walter houser brattain — abd (1902-1987)* karl ferdinand braun — almanya (1850-1918)* david brewster — İngiltere (1781–1868)* percy williams bridgman — abd (1882-1961)* bertram brockhouse — kanada (1918-2003)* louis-victor de broglie — fransa (1892–1987)* thomas townsend brown — abd (1905–1985)* hermann brück — almanya (1905-2000)* johannes martinus burgers — hollanda (1895-1981)* w. g. burgers — hollanda* asım orhan barut — türkiye (1926-1994)== c ==* anders celsius — İsveç (1701-1744)* nicolás cabrera — İspanya (1913–1989)* fritjof capra — avusturya, abd (d. 1939)* nicolas léonard sadi carnot — fransa (1796–1832)* hendrik casimir — hollanda (1909-2000)* henry cavendish — İngiltere (1731–1810)* james chadwick — İngiltere (1891-1974)* owen chamberlain — abd (d. 1920)* subrahmanyan chandrasekhar — hindistan, abd (1910–1995)* georges charpak — fransa (d. 1924)* pavel Çerenkov — rusya İmparatorluğu, sovyetler birliği (1904–1990)* ernst chladni — almanya (1756–1827)* steven chu — abd (d. 1948)* giovanni ciccotti — İtalya (d. 1943)* rudolf clausius — almanya (1822–1888)* jacob clay — hollanda (1882-1955)* john cockcroft — İngiltere (1879-1967)* claude cohen-tannoudji — fransa (d. 1933)* arthur compton — abd (1892-1962)* edward condon — abd (1902-1974)* leon cooper — abd (d. 1930)* eric allin cornell — abd (d. 1961)* marie alfred cornu — fransa (1841–1902)* charles-augustin de coulomb — fransa (1736–1806)* james cronin — abd (d. 1931)* marie curie — polonya, fransa (1867–1934)* pierre curie — fransa (1859–1906)== d ==* jean le rond d'alembert — fransa (1717–1783)* gustaf dalén — İsveç (1869-1937)* john dalton — birleşik krallık (1766–1844)* charles galton darwin — birleşik krallık (1887–1962)* paul davies — avustralya (d. 1946)* raymond davis jr. — abd (1914-2006)* clinton davisson — abd (1881-1958)* peter debye — hollanda (1884-1966)* hans georg dehmelt — almanya, abd (d. 1922)* democritus — abdera ("circa" 460–360 bc)* willem de sitter — hollanda (1872-1934)* james dewar — birleşik krallık (1842–1923)* robbert dijkgraaf — hollanda (d. 1960)* savas dimopoulos — abd* paul dirac — birleşik krallık (1902–1984)* revaz dogonadze — eski sovyetler birliği, gürcistan (1931–1985)* christian doppler — avusturya (1803–1853)* friedrich ernst dorn — almanya (1848-1916)* paul drude — almanya (1863-1906)* freeman dyson — birleşik krallık, abd (d. 1923)* melahat bilge demirköz — türkiye== e ==* william eccles — birleşik krallık (1875–1966)* carl eckart — abd (1902-1973)* paul ehrenfest — avusturya-macaristan, hollanda (1880–1933)* felix ehrenhaft — avusturya-macaristan, abd (1879–1952)* albert einstein — almanya, İtalya, İsviçre, abd (1879–1955)* loránd eötvös — avusturya-macaristan (1848–1919)* leo esaki — japonya (d. 1925)* ernest esclangon — fransa (1876–1954)* louis essen — birleşik krallık (1908–1997)* leonhard euler — İsviçre (1707–1783)* paul peter ewald — almanya, abd (1888-1985)* james alfred ewing — birleşik krallık (1855–1935)* cavid erginsoy — türkiye (1924-1967)== f ==* daniel gabriel fahrenheit — (1686–1736)* michael faraday — birleşik krallık (1791–1867)* eugene feenberg — abd (1906-1977)* enrico fermi — İtalya (1901–1954)* herman feshbach — abd (1917-2000)* richard feynman — abd (1918–1988)* david finkelstein — abd (d. 1929)* val logsdon fitch — abd (d. 1923)* george francis fitzgerald — İrlanda (1851–1901)* hippolyte fizeau — fransa (1819–1896)* vladimir fok — rusya İmparatorluğu, sovyetler birliği (1898–1974)* james david forbes — birleşik krallık (1809–1868)* léon foucault — fransa (1819–1868)* joseph fourier — fransa (1768–1830)* william alfred fowler — abd (1911-1995)* james franck — almanya, abd (1882-1964)* İlya frank — russia (1908-1990)* benjamin franklin — abd (1706–1790)* joseph von fraunhofer — almanya (1787–1826)* augustin-jean fresnel — fransa (1788–1827)* daniel friedan — abd* b. roy frieden — abd (d. 1936)* jerome isaac friedman — abd (d. 1930)* otto frisch — avusturya, birleşik krallık (1904-1979)* erwin fues — almanya (1893-1970)* harald fuchs — almanya (d. 1951)== g ==* dennis gabor — macaristan (1900—1979)* galileo galilei — İtalya (1564—1642)* sylvester james gates — abd (d. 1950)* carl friedrich gauss — almanya (1777—1855)* joseph louis gay-lussac — fransa (1778—1850)* murray gell-mann — abd (d. 1929)* howard georgi — abd (d. 1947)* walter gerlach — almanya (1889-1979)* josiah willard gibbs — abd (1839—1903)* william gilbert — İngiltere (1544—1603)* lev gor'kov — abd (d. 1929)* samuel goudsmit — hollanda, abd (1902—1978)* leo graetz — almanya (1856-1941)* willem 's gravesande — hollanda (1688—1742)* brian greene — abd (d. 1963)* john gribbin — birleşik krallık (d. 1946)* david gross — abd (d. 1941)* feza gürsey — türkiye (1921—1992)* martin gutzwiller — İsviçre (d. 1925)* sheldon glashow — new york,massachusetts (d. 1932)* michael green — İngiltere (d. 1946)== h ==* rudolf haag — almanya (d. 1922)* wander johannes de haas — hollanda (1878-1960)* edwin hall — abd (1855–1938)* william rowan hamilton — İrlanda (1805–1865)* peter andreas hansen — danimarka (1795–1874)* w.w. hansen — abd (1909–1949)* douglas hartree — birleşik krallık (1897–1958)* stephen hawking — birleşik krallık (d. 1942)* oliver heaviside — birleşik krallık (1850–1925)* werner karl heisenberg — almanya (1901–1976)* walter heitler — almanya/İrlanda (1904-1981)* hermann von helmholtz — almanya (1821–1894)* joseph henry — abd (1797–1878)* john herapath — birleşik krallık (1790–1868)* carl hermann — almanya (1898–1961)* heinrich rudolf hertz — almanya (1857–1894)* peter higgs — birleşik krallık (d. 1929)* george william hill — abd (1838–1914)* gustave-adolphe hirn — fransa (1815-1890)* dorothy crowfoot hodgkin — İngiltere (1910-1994)* gilles holst — hollanda (1886-1968)* helmut hönl — almanya (1903-1981)* gerardus 't hooft — hollanda (d. 1946)* robert hooke — İngiltere (1635–1703)* william v. houston — abd (1900-1968)* fritz houtermans — hollanda/almanya/avusturya (1903-1996)* john h. hubbell — abd (d. 1925)* friedrich hund — almanya (1896-1997)* christiaan huygens — hollanda(1629–1695)== i ==* nathan isgur — abd, kanada (1947-2001)== j ==* ali javan — İran (d. 1928)* edwin jaynes — abd (1922–1998)* irene joliot-curie — fransa (1897-1956)* pascual jordan — almanya (1902-1980)* brian david josephson — birleşik krallık (d. 1940)* james prescott joule — birleşik krallık (1818–1889)== k ==* michio kaku — abd (d. 1947)* heike kamerlingh onnes — hollanda (1853-1926)* william r. kanne — abd* pyotr kapitza — birleşik krallık, sovyetler birliği (1894-1984)* alfred kastler — fransa (1902-1984)* heinrich kayser — german (1853-1940)* willem hendrik keesom — hollanda (1876-1956)* edwin c. kemble — abd (1889-1984)* johannes kepler — almanya (1571–1630)* john kerr — birleşik krallık (1824–1907)* julii khariton — sovyetler birliği (1904-1996)* gustav robert kirchhoff — almanya (1824–1887)* jacob kistemaker — hollanda (d. 1917)* arthur korn — almanya (1870-1945)* matthew koss — abd (d. 1961)* walther kossel — almanya (1888-1956)* hendrick antony kramers — hollanda (1894-1952)* lawrence krauss — abd (d. 1954)* august krönig — almanya (1822–1879)* igor vasilyevich kurchatov — sovyetler birliği (1903–1960)* behram kurşunoğlu — türkiye (1922-2003)== l ==* joseph-louis lagrange — fransa (1736–1813)* lev landau — rusya İmparatorluğu, sovyetler birliği (1908–1968)* kenneth lane — abd* irving langmuir — abd (1851–1957)* max von laue — almanya (1879–1960)* ernest lawrence — abd (1901–1958)* pyotr nikolaevich lebedev — rusya İmparatorluğu (1866–1912)* georges-louis le sage — İsviçre (1724–1803)* tsung-dao lee — Çin, abd (d. 1926)* benjamin lee — kore, abd (1935-1977)* gottfried wilhelm leibniz — almanya (1646–1716)* robert b. leighton — abd (1919-1997)* philipp lenard — macaristan, almanya (1862-1947)* john leslie — birleşik krallık (1766–1832)* walter lewin — hollanda, abd* robert von lieben avusturya-macaristan — (1878-1913)* david lindley — abd (d. 1956)* karl l. littrow — avusturya (1811–1877)* maurice loewy — avusturya/fransa (1833–1907)* robert k. logan — abd (d. 1939)* alfred loomis — abd (1887–1975)* hendrik lorentz — hollanda (1853–1928)* johann loschmidt — almanya (1821–1895)* archibald low — britanya (1888–1956)* lucretius — roma (98?–55 bc)* aleksandr lyapunov — rusya İmparatorluğu (1857–1918)== m ==* ernst mach — avusturya-macaristan (1838–1916)* theodore maiman — abd (d. 1927)* ettore majorana — İtalya (1906-1938 presumed dead)* juan martín maldacena — arjantin (d. 1968)* etienne-louis malus — fransa (1775–1812)* leonid mandelştam — rusya İmparatorluğu, sovyetler birliği (1879–1944)* guglielmo marconi — İtalya (1874–1937)* henry margenau — almanya/abd (1901-1977)* william markowitz — abd (1907–1998)* harrie massey — avustralya (1908-1983)* james clerk maxwell — birleşik krallık (1831–1879)* maria goeppert mayer — almanya, abd (1906-1972)* ronald e. mcnair — abd (1950–1986)* simon van der meer — hollanda (d. 1925)* fulvio melia — abd (d. 1956)* macedonio melloni — İtalya (1798–1854)* lise meitner — avusturya (1878-1968)* thomas corwin mendenhall — abd (1841–1924)* albert abraham michelson — abd (1852–1931)* robert andrews millikan — abd (1868–1953)* john j. montgomery — abd (1858-1911)* jagadeesh moodera — hindistan, abd (d. 1950)* henry moseley — birleşik krallık (1887–1915)* nevill mott — birleşik krallık (1905-1996)* amédée mouchez — İspanya, fransa (1821–1892)* josé enrique moyal — filistin, fransa, birleşik krallık, abd, avustralya (1910-1998)* richard a. muller — abd (d. 1944)* pieter van musschenbroeck — hollanda (1692-1762)== n ==* yoichiro nambu — japonya, abd (d. 1921)* jayant narlikar — hindistan (d. 1938)* ann nelson — abd (d. 1958)* john von neumann — avusturya-macaristan, abd (1903–1957)* simon newcomb — abd (1835–1909)* sir isaac newton — İngiltere (1642–1727)* leopoldo nobili — İtalya (1784–1835)* emmy noether — almanya (1882-1935)* lothar nordheim — almanya (1899-1985)== o ==* georg ohm — almanya (1789–1854)* lars onsager — norveç (1903–1976)* robert oppenheimer — abd (1904–1967)* lochlainn o'raifeartaigh — İrlanda (1933-2000)* nicole oresme — fransa (1325–1382)* leonard salomon ornstein — hollanda (1880-1941)* egon orowan — avusturya-macaristan/abd (1901–1989)* yuri orlov — sovyetler birliği, abd (d. 1924)* hans christian Ørsted — danimarka (1777–1851)== p ==* blaise pascal — fransa (1623–1662)* jogesh pati — abd (d. 1937)* wolfgang ernst pauli — avusturya-macaristan (1900–1958)* g. b. pegram — abd (1876–1958)* rudolf peierls — almanya/birleşik krallık (1907-1995)* roger penrose — birleşik krallık (d. 1931)* saul perlmutter — abd (d. 1959)* bernhard philberth — almanya (d. 1927)* max planck — almanya (1858–1947)* joseph plateau — belçika (1801–1883)* george placzek - Çek (1905-1955)* john polkinghorne — birleşik krallık (d. 1930)* henri poincaré — fransa (1854–1912)* heraclides ponticus — yunanistan (387–312 bc)* john henry poynting — birleşik krallık (1852–1914)* aleksandr prohorov — sovyet/rus (1916-2002)* william prout — birleşik krallık (1785–1850)* ivan pulyuy — ukranya (1845-1918)* michael pupin — avusturya-macaristan/abd (1858-1935)== q ==* helen quinn — abd (d. 1943)== r ==* i. i. rabi — avusturya, abd (1898-1988)* chandrasekhara venkata raman — hindistan (1888–1970)* edward ramberg — abd (1907-1995)* carl ramsauer — almanya (1879-1955)* lisa randall — abd (d. 1962)* lord rayleigh — birleşik krallık (1842–1919)* sidney redner — kanada, abd (d. 1951)* hubert reeves — kanada (d. 1932)* louis rendu — fransa (1789–1859)* osborne reynolds — birleşik krallık (1842–1912)* wilhelm conrad röntgen — almanya (1845–1923)* marshall rosenbluth — abd (1927–2003)* carl-gustav arvid rossby — İsveç, abd (1898–1957)* carlo rubbia — İtalya (d. 1934)* wojciech rubinowicz - polonya (1889- 1974)* serge rudaz — kanada, abd (d. 1954)* david ruelle — belçika, fransa (d. 1935)* ernest rutherford — yeni zelanda, birleşik krallık (1871–1937)* janne rydberg — İsveç (1854–1919)== s ==* andrei dmitrievich sakharov — sovyetler birliği (1929–1989)* oscar sala — brezilya (d. 1922)* abdus salam — pakistan, birleşik krallık (1926–1996)* jack sarfatti — abd (d. 1939)* isidor sauers — avusturya (d. 1948)* felix savart — fransa (1791–1841)* otto scherzer — almanya (1909-1982)* kees a. schouhamer immink — hollanda (d. 1946)* john robert schrieffer — abd (d. 1931)* erwin schrödinger — avusturya-macaristan (1887–1961)* julian schwinger — abd (1918-1994)* emilio g. segrè — abd/İtalya (1905–1989)* robert serber — abd (1909-1997)* ludwik silberstein — polonya, almanya, İtalya, abd, kanada (1872-1948)* john c. slater — abd (1900-1976)* louis slotin — abd (1910-1946)* george smoot — abd (d. 1945)* willebrord snel van royen (snellius) — hollanda (1580–1626)* arnold sommerfeld — almanya (1868-1951)* johannes stark — almanya (1874-1957)* jožef stefan — avusturya-macaristan, slovakya (1835–1893)* karl august von steinheil — almanya (1801–1870)* george gabriel stokes — birleşik krallık (1819–1903)* ray streater — İngiltere (d. 1936)* oleg sushkov — avustralya-russia (d. 1950)* joseph wilson swan — birleşik krallık (1828–1914)* leó szilárd — avusturya-macaristan, abd (1898–1964)* shen kuo — Çin (1031-1095)== t ==* İgor tamm — rusya İmparatorluğu, sovyetler birliği (1895–1971)* max tegmark — İsveç, abd (d. 1967)* edward teller — avusturya-macaristan/abd (1908–2003)* nikola tesla — sırbistan (ulus)/hırvatistan (vatan)/abd (1856–1943)* joseph john thomson — birleşik krallık (1856–1940)* william thomson (lord kelvin) — birleşik krallık (1824–1907)* kip stephen thorne — abd (d. 1940)* evangelista torricelli — İtalya (1608–1647)* bruno touschek — İtalya (1921-1978)* charles townes — abd (d. 1915)* johann georg tralles — almanya (1763–1822)* sam treiman — abd (d. 1926)* thanu padmanabhan — hindistan (d. 1957)== u ==* george eugene uhlenbeck — hollanda, abd (1900-1988)== v ==* balthasar van der pol — hollanda (1889-1959)* johannes diderik van der waals — hollanda (1837–1923)* sergei vavilov — sovyetler birliği (1891–1951)* martinus j. g. veltman — hollanda, abd (d. 1931)* gabriele veneziano — İtalya (d. 1942)* giovanni battista venturi — İtalya (1746–1822)* Émile verdet — fransa (1824-1866)* woldemar voigt — almanya (1850-1919)* alessandro volta — İtalya (1745–1827)== w ==* ludwig waldmann — almanya (1913-1980)* ernest walton — İrlanda cumhuriyeti (1903-1995)* aaldert wapstra — hollanda (1923-2006)* gleb wataghin — ukranya/İtalya/brezilya (1896–1986)* john james waterston — birleşik krallık (1811–1883)* james watt — birleşik krallık (1736–1819)* denis weaire — İrlanda cumhuriyeti (d.