検索ワード: general agreement on tariff and trade (gatt) (英語 - タガログ語)

general agreement on tariff and trade (gatt)
pangkalahatang kasunduan sa taripa at trade (gatt)

general agreement on trade in services
general agreement on trade in services

existence of general agreement on the values and norms of the society by the majority
ang pagkakaroon ng pangkalahatang kasunduan sa mga halaga at pamantayan ng lipunan ng karamihan

ukessays logo essays economics the concept of international trade 4924 words (20 pages) essay in economics 5/12/16 disclaimer: this work has been submitted by a student. this is not an example of the work produced by our essay writing service. you can view samples of our professional work here. any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of uk essays. most countries trade more on international markets today than ever before – both in absolute terms and as a proportion of their national output. how can we explain this phenomenal increase in international trade over the past few decades? will the recent rise in oil prices reverse this trend of globalization? history provides us with a natural comparison. beginning in the nineteenth century, the world saw a remarkable rise in international trade that came to a grinding halt during world war i and later on in the wake of the great depression. this “first wave of globalization” from about 1870 until 1913 led to a degree of international integration – measured by trade-to-output ratios – which many countries only achieved again in the mid-1990s. taking a comparative perspective, we juxtapose the first wave of globalization from 1870 to 1913 and the second wave after world war ii. we also study the retreat of world trade during the interwar period from 1921 to 1939. we are interested in the driving forces behind these trade booms and trade busts. was it changes in global output or changes in trade costs that explain the evolution of international trade? i.2. international trade- defined international trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. in other word, to know what is happening in the course of international trade, governments keep track of the transactions among nations. i.3. reasons for international trade the first theory section of this course contains explanations or reasons that trade takes place between countries. the six basic reasons why trade may take place between countries are summarized below. differences in technology advantageous trade can occur between countries if the countries differ in their technological abilities to produce goods and services. differences in resource endowments advantageous trade can occur between countries if the countries differ in their endowments of resources. the factors mentioned in the resource endowments reason are described as follows: the uneven distribution of resources around the world is the one of the basic reasons why nations began and continue to trade with each other. favorable climatic conditions and terrain are very important for agricultural produces. natural resources, skill workers, capital resources, favorable geographic location and transport costs, insufficient production, some countries cannot produce enough items they need. c) economic reasons in addition to getting the products they need, countries also want to gain economically by trading with each other. d) differences in demand advantageous trade can occur between countries if demands or preferences differ between countries. e) existence of economies of scale in production the existence of economies of scale in production is sufficient to generate advantageous trade between two countries. f) existence of government policies government tax and subsidy programs can be sufficient to generate advantages in production of certain products. section ii. ii.0. factors contributing to the recent growth in international trade trade facilitation procedures, industrialization, advanced infrastructure, technological advancement, globalization, multinational corporations, documentary procedure requirements, decrease level of regulations(tariffs and non-tariffs barriers), and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system. increasing international trade is crucial to the continuance of globalization. without international trade, nations would be limited to the goods and services produced within their own borders. ii.1. trade facilitation among the factors leading/contributing to the recent growth in international trade, trade facilitation is the critical issue debated under wto and other multinational organizations. it is said to be the critical issue, because it includes all other factors contributing to the recent growth of international trade. it involves harmonization, standardization, integration, synchronisation of international trade procedures. trade facilitation in global trade no widely agreed definition. wto defines it as simplification and standardization of international trade procedures. international trade procedures are defined as “activities, practices and formalities involved in collecting, presenting, communicating and processing data required for movement of goods in international trade. ii.2. industrialization the mushrooming
internasyonal na kalakalan