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* stam chordata** onderstam tunicata (manteldieren) lamarck, 1816 (2792 soorten)*** klasse ascidiacea (zakpijpen) nielsen, 1995*** klasse thaliacea (salpen) nielsen, 1995*** klasse appendicularia (mantelvisjes) fol, 1874*** klasse sorberacea** onderstam cephalochordata (schedellozen) (30 soorten)*** klasse leptocardii (lancetvisjes)** onderstam vertebrata (craniata) (gewervelden; 57.674 soorten)*** infrastam incertae sedis**** superklasse agnatha (parafyletisch) (kaakloze vissen; 100+ soorten)***** klasse myxini (slijmprikken; 65 soorten)***** klasse petromyzontida***** klasse conodonta*** infrastam gnathostomata**** superklasse incertae sedis***** klasse placodermi***** klasse chondrichthyes (kraakbeenvissen; 900+ soorten)***** klasse acanthodii**** superklasse osteichthyes (beenvisachtigen; 30.000+ soorten)***** klasse actinopterygii (straalvinnigen; 30.000+ soorten)***** klasse sarcopterygii (kwastvinnigen: 8 soorten)**** superklasse tetrapoda (viervoeters; 28.000+ soorten)***** klasse amphibia (amfibieën; 6000 soorten)***** klasse reptilia (reptielen; 9000+ soorten)***** klasse synapsida (synapsiden; 4000+ soorten)***** klasse aves (vogels; 8.800–10.000 soorten)***** klasse mammalia (zoogdieren; 5700+ soorten)
* phylum chordata** subphylum tunicata (urochordata) – (tunicates; 3,000 species)*** class ascidiacea (sea squirts)*** class thaliacea (salps)*** class appendicularia (larvaceans)*** class sorberacea** subphylum cephalochordata (acraniata) – (lancelets; 30 species)*** class leptocardii (lancelets)** subphylum vertebrata (craniata) (vertebrates – animals with backbones; 57,674 species)*** infraphylum incertae sedis**** superclass 'agnatha' paraphyletic (jawless vertebrates; 100+ species)***** class myxini (hagfish; 65 species)***** class petromyzontida or hyperoartia (lampreys)***** class †conodonta***** class †pteraspidomorphi***** class †thelodonti***** class †anaspida***** class †cephalaspidomorphi*** infraphylum gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates)**** superclass incertae sedis***** class †placodermi (paleozoic armoured forms)***** class chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish; 900+ species)***** class †acanthodii (paleozoic "spiny sharks")**** superclass osteichthyes (bony fish; 30,000+ species)***** class actinopterygii (ray-finned fish; about 30,000 species)***** class sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish: 8 species)**** superclass tetrapoda (four-limbed vertebrates; 28,000+ species)(the classification below follows benton 2004, and uses a synthesis of rank-based linnaean taxonomy and also reflects evolutionary relationships.