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de europese commissie kwam in 2009 al met de eerste regelgeving bedoeld om cras te sturen en te controleren in de europese unie.
the european commission defined in 2009 the first cra regulation aimed to control and supervise cras in the european union.
de meeste van de 24 cras die nu binnen de eu staan geregistreerd, concentreren zich op een bepaald land of financieel product.
most of the 24 cras now registered in the eu focus on a particular asset class or member state, and only the largest ones offer credit ratings for all different asset classes throughout the eu. this, together with the high fees charged by some cras, suggests that there may be little effective competition for the provision of credit ratings within some specific segments.
cras kwamen in het begin van de 20e eeuw op als instituten die kredietrisicoanalyses van bedrijven in verschillende bedrijfstakken uitvoerden, beginnend met de spoorwegen in de verenigde staten.
cras emerged at the beginning of the 20th century as institutions performing credit risk analysis of companies and securities in different industries, starting with railroads in the united states.
de esma stelt dat het functioneren en het bestuur van cras door de regulering is verbeterd, maar dat het nog te vroeg is om de gevolgen van de maatregelen met betrekking tot concurrentie en belangenverstrengeling in te schatten.
it mentions that the cra regulation has improved the governance and operation of cras, but it is still too early to assess the impact of measures regarding competition and conflicts of interest.
dit document onderstreept het belang om de rol die de ratings van cras tot nu toe speelden te veranderen en daarmee te verhinderen dat risico’s in de financiële sector uit de hand lopen.
this document highlights the importance of changing the role played so far by cra ratings, in order to reduce the risk of the ‘herding’ and ‘cliff’ effects in the financial sector.