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inang asal dan perantara
the origin and intermediate host
Última atualização: 2020-08-25
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inang reservoir perantara beberapa hcov juga telah diketahui.
the intermediate reservoir hosts of some hcovs are also known.
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interaksi virus-inang dalam kaitannya dengan transmisi
virus-host interaction in relation to transmission
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semua inang ini tampaknya merupakan inang akhir sars-cov.
all of these appear to be dead-end hosts of sars-cov.
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cov bereplikasi dengan kuat tanpa memicu respons imun inang yang kuat.
they replicate robustly without eliciting a strong host immune response.
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mers-cov muncul pada manusia dari kelelawar melalui inang perantara unta.
mers-cov emerged in humans from bats through the intermediate host of camels.
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enzim ini sangat penting bagi sel inang untuk mereproduksi asam ribonukleat virus.
this enzyme is essential to the host cell to reproduce the ribonucleic acid of the virus.
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mrna ini ditranslasi oleh ribosom inang menjadi protein struktural dan sejumlah protein tambahan.
these mrnas are translated by the host's ribosomes into the structural proteins and a number of accessory proteins.
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begitu pula, inang reservoir membawa hcov secara berkelanjutan dan dalam kurun waktu lama.
likewise, a reservoir host harbours hcov continuously and for long term.
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hcov dapat mengalami infeksi buntu jika tidak dapat mempertahankan transmisinya dalam inang perantara.
an hcov can undergo a dead-end infection if it cannot sustain its transmission within the intermediate host.
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cov bersifat nonpatogenik atau menyebabkan gejala ringan dalam inang reservoirnya, seperti kelelawar dan unta.
covs are non-pathogenic or cause mild symptoms in their reservoir hosts such as bats and camels.
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dalam inang yang berfungsi sebagai wadah pencampuran, peralihan untai kerap terjadi selama transkripsi rna cov.
in a host that serves as the mixing vessel, strand switching occurs frequently during cov rna transcription.
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dalam dua kasus tersebut, inang terinfeksi secara alami dan merupakan inang alami untuk hcov atau virus induk.
in both cases, the hosts are naturally infected and are the natural hosts of hcov or its parental virus.
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hewan bertindak sebagai inang evolusioner hcov jika memiliki leluhur yang berkerabat dekat dan berbagi homologi yang tinggi di tingkat sekuens nukleotida.
an animal serves as the evolutionary host of an hcov if it harbours a closely related ancestor sharing high homology at the level of nucleotide sequence.
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amplop dua-lapis lipid, protein membran, dan nukleokapsid melindungi virus ketika berada di luar sel inang.
the lipid bilayer envelope, membrane proteins, and nucleocapsid protect the virus when it is outside the host cell.
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agar hal ini terjadi, hcov harus bereplikasi dalam manusia dalam jumlah yang memadai untuk memungkinkan akumulasi mutasi adaptif guna melawan faktor pembatasan inang.
for this to happen, hcovs have to replicate in humans to sufficient extent to allow the accumulation of adaptive mutations that counteract host restriction factors.
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interaksi protein tonjolan koronavirus dengan reseptor sel inang yang komplementer sangat penting dalam menentukan tropisme jaringan, infektivitas, dan rentang spesies virus.
the interaction of the coronavirus spike protein with its complement host cell receptor is central in determining the tissue tropism, infectivity, and species range of the virus.
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kami secara khusus menyoroti dan membahas topik umum bahwa virus induk hcov biasanya bersifat nonpatogenik di reservoir alaminya, tetapi menjadi patogenik setelah transmisi antarspesies ke inang baru.
particularly, we highlight and discuss the common theme that parental viruses of hcovs are typically non-pathogenic in their natural reservoir hosts but become pathogenic after interspecies transmission to a new host.
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inang perantara ini dapat berfungsi sebagai sumber zoonotik infeksi manusia dan berperan sebagai inang pengamplifikasi dengan memungkinkan virus untuk bereplikasi secara sementara, lalu mentransmisikannya kepada manusia untuk mengamplifikasi skala infeksi manusia.
this intermediate host can serve as the zoonotic source of human infection and play the role of an amplifying host by allowing the virus to replicate transiently and then transmitting it to humans to amplify the scale of human infection.
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dengan kata lain, kelelawar mungkin bukan inang reservoir langsung sars-cov-2, kecuali jika cov kelelawar yang hampir identik ditemukan di kemudian hari.
that is to say, bats might not be the immediate reservoir host(s) of sars-cov-2 unless almost identical bat covs are found in future.
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