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because when a deposit outflow occurs, a bank is able to borrow reserves in these overnight loan markets quickly; thus, it does not need to acquire reserves at a high cost by calling in or selling off loans. the presence of overnight loan markets thus reduces the costs associated with deposit outflows, so banks will hold fewer excess reserves.
by contrast, with the balance sheet in question 3 the bank would have a shortfall of reserves of $20 million ($25 million in reserves minus the required reserves of $45 million). in this case, the bank will incur costs when it raises the necessary reserves through the methods described in the text.