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however, vehicle manufacturers may use a variety of different trade names for esc:*acura: vehicle stability assist (vsa) (formerly csl 4-drive tcs)*alfa romeo: vehicle dynamic control (vdc)*audi: electronic stability program (esp)*bentley: electronic stability program (esp)*bmw: co engineering partner and inventor with robert bosch gmbh and continental (teves) dynamic stability control (dsc) (including dynamic traction control)*bugatti: electronic stability program (esp)*buick: stabilitrak*cadillac: stabilitrak" and "stabilitrak3.0 with active front steering (afs)*chery: electronic stability program*chevrolet: stabilitrak; active handling (corvette & camaro only)*chrysler: electronic stability program (esp)*citroën: electronic stability program (esp)*daihatsu: vehicle stability control (vsc)*dodge: electronic stability program (esp)*daimler: electronic stability program (esp)*fiat: electronic stability program (esp) and vehicle dynamic control (vdc)*ferrari: controllo stabilità (cst)*ford: advancetrac with roll stability control (rsc) and interactive vehicle dynamics (ivd) and electronic stability program (esp); dynamic stability control (dsc) (australia only)*general motors: stabilitrak*honda: vehicle stability assist (vsa) (formerly csl 4-drive tcs)*holden: electronic stability program (esp)*hyundai: electronic stability program (esp), electronic stability control (esc) and vehicle stability assist (vsa)*infiniti: vehicle dynamic control (vdc)*isuzu: electronic vehicle stability control (evsc)*jaguar: dynamic stability control (dsc)*jeep: electronic stability program (esp)*kia: electronic stability control (esc) and electronic stability program (esp)*lamborghini: electronic stability program (esp)*land rover: dynamic stability control (dsc)*lexus: vehicle dynamics integrated management (vdim) with vehicle stability control (vsc)*lincoln: advancetrac*maserati: maserati stability program (msp)*mazda: dynamic stability control (dsc) (including dynamic traction control)*mercedes-benz (co-inventor) with robert bosch gmbh: electronic stability program (esp)*mercury: advancetrac*mini: dynamic stability control*mitsubishi: active skid and traction control multimode and active stability control (asc)*nissan: vehicle dynamic control (vdc)*oldsmobile: precision control system (pcs)*opel: electronic stability program (esp) and trailer stability program (tsp)*peugeot: electronic stability program (esp)*pontiac: stabilitrak*porsche: porsche stability management (psm)*proton: electronic stability control (esc) or vehicle dynamics control (vdc)*renault: electronic stability program (esp)*rover group: dynamic stability control (dsc)*saab: electronic stability program (esp)*saturn: stabilitrak*scania: electronic stability program (esp)*seat: electronic stability program (esp)*Škoda: electronic stability program (esp) and electronic stability control (esc)*smart: electronic stability program (esp)*subaru: vehicle dynamics control (vdc)*suzuki: electronic stability program (esp)*toyota: either vehicle stability control (vsc) or vehicle dynamics integrated management (vdim)*tesla: electronic stability control*vauxhall: electronic stability program (esp)*volvo: dynamic stability and traction control (dstc)*volkswagen: electronic stability program (esp)== system manufacturers ==esc system manufacturers include:* fujitsu ten ltd.* robert bosch gmbh* aisin advics* bendix corporation* continental automotive systems* beijingwest industries* hitachi* itt automotive, since 1982 part of continental ag* johnson electric* mando corporation* nissin kogyo* teves, now part of continental ag* trw* wabco* hyundai mobis* knorr-bremse== references ==== external links ==*bosch esc information*chooseesc!
*Акура: vehicle stability assist (vsa) (по-рано csl 4-drive tcs)*Алфа Ромео: vehicle dynamic control (vdc)*Ауди: electronic stability program (esp)*Бентли: electronic stability program (esp)*bmw: dynamic stability control (dsc)*Бугати: electronic stability program (esp)*Кадилак: stabilitrak & active front steering (afs)*Шевролет: stabilitrak; active handling (само при модел corvette)*Крайслер: electronic stability program (esp)*Ситроен: electronic stability program (esp)*Додж: electronic stability program (esp)*Даймлер: electronic stability program (esp)*Фиат: electronic stability program (esp) и vehicle dynamic control (vdc)*Ферари: controllo stabilità (cst)*Форд: advancetrac with roll stability control (rsc), interactive vehicle dynamics (ivd) и electronic stability program (esp)*general motors: stabilitrak*Хонда: vehicle stability assist (vsa) (по-рано csl 4-drive tcs)*Хюндай: electronic stability program (esp), electronic stability control (esc) и vehicle stability assist (vsa)*Инфинити: vehicle dynamic control (vdc)*Ягуар: dynamic stability control (dsc)*jeep: electronic stability program (esp)*Киа: electronic stability control (esc) и electronic stability program (esp)*Ламборджини: electronic stability program (esp)*Ленд Ровер: dynamic stability control (dsc)*Лексус: vehicle dynamics integrated management (vdim) с vehicle stability control (vsc)*Мазерати: maserati stability program (msp)*Мазда: dynamic stability control (dsc) (включва dynamic traction control)*Мерцедес-Бенц (създатели) заедно с robert bosch gmbh: electronic stability program (esp)*Митсубиши: active skid и traction control multimode и active stability control (asc)*Нисан: vehicle dynamic control (vdc)*Опел: electronic stability program (esp) и trailer stability program (tsp)*Пежо: electronic stability program (esp)*Порше: porsche stability management (psm)*Рено: electronic stability program (esp)*Сааб: electronic stability program (esp)*Сеат: electronic stability program (esp)*Шкода: electronic stability program (esp) и electronic stability control (esc)*Смарт: electronic stability program (esp)*Субару: vehicle dynamics control (vdc)*Сузуки: electronic stability program (esp)*Тойота: either vehicle stability control (vsc) или vehicle dynamics integrated management (vdim)*Волво: dynamic stability and traction control (dstc)*Фолксваген: electronic stability program (esp)* , explanation of the esp functioning.