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a nuclear isomer is a metastable or isomeric state of an atom caused by the excitation of a proton or neutron in its nucleus so that it requires a change in spin before it can release its extra energy. they decay to lower energy states of the nuclide through two isomeric transitions: [br] - > & #947; - emission (emission of a high-energy photon)[br] - > internal conversion (the energy is used to ionize the atom)[br] contrast this with the definition of a chemical isomer, the more common use of the word. also contrast with the meaning of isotope, in which the difference is the number of neutrons in the nucleus. metastable isomers of a particular atom are usually designated with an "m" (or, in the case of atoms with more than one isomer, 2m, 3m, and so on). this designation is usually placed after the atomic symbol and number of the atom (e. g., co-58m), but is sometimes placed as a superscript before (e. g., [sup]m[/ sup]co-58 or [sup]58m[/ sup]co).
同核异能素是不稳定的， 或者说是原子的同分异构态， 是由于原子核中的质子或中子被激发出之后产生的。 在它可以释放出它的额外能量之前， 它必然需要在自旋上有个改变。 它可以通过两次同质异能跃迁回到低能态 ： [br] - > & # 947; - 放射( 一个高能质子的放射) [br] - > 内部变换( 能量用于将原子电离) [br] 将它与同位素对比可发现， 不同之处在于原子核中中子的数量。 特殊原子的亚稳态异构体通常用“ m” 表示( 在原子中可能不止一个异构体， 可用2m， 3m等表示， 以此类推) 。 这种标记通常放在原子符号和原子序号的后面( 如co- 58m) ， 但是有时候也写成上标( 例如[ sup] m [/ sup] co- 58 or [sup] 58m [/ sup] co) 。