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但这一观点并未考虑到，1990年代的新兴市场危机还是短期资本投资组合流向逆转和所谓的 "利差交易 "平息而引起的。
this approach did not take into consideration, however, the fact that the emerging market crises of the 1990s were also triggered by reversals in short-term capital portfolio flows and the unwinding of so-called "carry trades ".
这其中包括针对金融交易税和资本控制，采取单边和多边行动，打击 "利差交易 "和短期投机性 "攻击 "等。
this would include unilateral and multilateral action on financial transaction taxes and capital controls to counter the "carry trade " and short-term speculative "attacks " etc.