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it's hard to sleep in a bed of lies, isn't it, jay?
من الصعب النوم على سرير من الاكاذيب صحيح جاي ؟
Son Güncelleme: 2016-10-27
Kullanım Sıklığı: 2
Kalite:
you do not bother that girl when she's trying to sleep in.
لا تزعج تلك الفتاة عندما تحاول النوم
Son Güncelleme: 2016-10-27
Kullanım Sıklığı: 2
Kalite:
you're telling a girl to sleep in a boy's room.
لا. لا. أنه ليس شابا..
Son Güncelleme: 2016-10-27
Kullanım Sıklığı: 2
Kalite:
inmates in the marco aurelio soto prison in tegucigalpa are sometimes punished with "three months in the corridor ", meaning that they have to sleep in the corridors for that period of time.
ويعاقب نزلاء سجن ماركو أوريليو سوتو في تيغوسيغالبا أحياناً بقضاء "ثلاثة أشهر في الممر " مما يعني إجبارهم على النوم في الممرات طوال هذه الفترة من الوقت.
in nepal, the supreme court issued an order to eliminate the practice of chaupadi, which forces menstruating women and girls to sleep in isolation from the rest of the family, in a hut or shed, with risks to their health and security.
وفي نيبال، أصدرت المحكمة العليا أمراً يقضي على ممارسة التشوبادي التي تفرض على الحوائض من النساء والفتيات أن ينمن في مكان منفصل عن سائر الأسرة، في كوخ أو سقيفة، مما يعرض صحتهن وأمنهن للخطر.
committee on the elimination of discrimination against women consideration of reports submitted by states parties under article 18 of the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women fifth periodic report of states parties * for the initial report submitted by the government of yemen, see cedaw/c/5/add.61, which was considered by the committee at its twelfth session. for the second periodic report submitted by the government of yemen, see cedaw/c/13/add.24, which was considered by the committee at its twelfth session. for the third periodic report submitted by the government of yemen, see cedaw/c/yem/3, which was considered by the committee at its twelfth session. for the fourth periodic report submitted by the government of yemen, see cedaw/c/yem/4. yemen* republic of yemen high council on the status of women women's national committee fifth periodic report sana'a, november 2001 table of contents part i: general background 8 demography and population 8 economic situation 11 political and legal situation 12 part ii: articles 1-4: general political and legal measures aimed at eliminating discrimination against women, promoting their development and advancing their status 13 the 1994 constitution 13 general elections law (law no. 27 of 1996) and amendments thereto 13 law of criminal procedure (law no. 13 of 1994) 14 nationality law (law no. 6 of 1990) 15 civil service law (law no. 19 of 1991) 15 labour code (law no. 5 of 1995) and amendments thereto 15 social insurance law (law no. 26 of 1991) 15 education law (law no. 45 of 1992) 15 optional protocol to the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women 16 institutions for the care of the elderly 17 problems facing families and women where the head of the family has emigrated 18 disabled women 19 strategy and plan of action for the care of disabled persons 19 problems of disabled women 20 article 5: women and men and stereotyped roles 20 the main factors affecting the status of women and their participation in the development process 20 the role of islam in advancing the status of women 21 the roles of men and women: aspirations for the future 22 measures taken to date to change social and cultural patterns 22 the image of women in school textbooks and the media 23 efforts to end stereotyping in the definition of the roles of women and men 24 the function of the head of a family in law and custom 26 responsibility for the care of children 27 article 6: trafficking in women and exploitation of the prostitution of women 30 article 7: political and public life 32 participation by women in legislative bodies 32 monitoring of elections 33 membership of political parties 33 participation in government 34 participation in trade union activity 35 governmental and non-governmental institutions concerned with the advancement of the status of women 36 article 8: official representation and participation in various organizations 40 article 9: nationality 41 article 10: education 42 pre-school education 42 quantitative growth of public education (primary and secondary) 43 enrolment rates among children of school age 43 literacy and adult education 44 vocational and technical training for women 44 university education 45 women in the teaching profession 48 school buildings 49 school activities 50 quality of education 50 main aspects of disparity in the field of education 50 policies and measures relating to the education of women 50 article 11: employment 55 the labour code (law no. 5 of 1995) and amendments thereto 55 the civil service law (law no. 19 of 1991) 56 the social security law (law no. 26 of 1991) 56 the insurance and pensions law (law no. 25 of 1991) 57 advantages and disadvantages of social security laws 58 occupations and jobs from which women are excluded 58 occupations and jobs that are regarded as desirable by families, women and society 59 women's work in the home 59 unpaid agricultural work as a component of gross domestic product 59 women as a percentage of the labour force 59 child care services for working women 60 child labour 60 measures aimed at addressing the phenomenon of child labour 61 article 12: health 62 the health care work force 62 distribution of health care workers and their numbers in relation to the country's population 63 life expectancy at birth 63 maternal mortality 63 causes of maternal mortality 64 causes of infant mortality 64 fertility rate 65 prenatal care 65 family planning services 66 female circumcision 66 vaccination of children against the six killer diseases 67 abortion 67 hiv infection 68 health care for women with breast cancer or cancer of the uterus 69 article 13: economic and social life 69 the social safety net programme 70 social welfare fund 70 public works project 71 national economically productive families programme 71 national poverty alleviation and job creation programme 71 small business development agency 71 productivity enhancement project 72 social development fund 72 project microstart 73 credit for women 73 industrial credit 73 farm credit 74 insurance and pension fund 74 home loan bank 75 housing services 75 health insurance programmes 76 recreational and cultural programmes and activities 77 legal and cultural barriers to participation by women in recreational and sports activities and various aspects of life 77 article 14: rural women 78 national strategy for a gender perspective in the area of agriculture and food security 80 objectives of the 1998 strategy 80 health care 81 nutritional status of women 82 infant mortality 83 social insurance programmes 83 co-operative associations 83 loan funds 84 government projects and programmes for rural areas 85 marketing of agricultural products 86 agricultural extension services 87 article 15: equality between men and women before the law 87 article 16: marriage and family law 90 part iii: mechanism for dissemination of the convention through the media 96 references 98 introduction the women's national committee has prepared this, its fifth periodic report, on the basis of statistical data from various years. a working group was established, made up of women members of the committee under the direction of the committee's consultant, dr. abdulhakim al-sharjabi. the working group completed its task in record time, thanks to the statistical data available from the documentation unit that was recently set up within the committee. despite the fact that the interval between the preparation of the fourth and fifth reports has been no more than approximately one year, the advancement of the status of the women of yemen has proceeded rapidly during that time. one example is the restructuring of the committee itself, which has become the high council on the status of women, and the broadening of its membership to include representatives of all government ministries and a number of other governmental agencies, as well as representatives of civil society (political parties, associations and the private sector). other examples are the appointment of yemen's first woman ambassador and first woman government minister. in addition, amendments to various discriminatory statutes have been formulated and given approval in principle by the council of ministers, in accordance with the true and tolerant islamic shari'ah and yemen's constitution, which guarantees the rights of women on an equal footing with those of men in all areas of life. the fourth report had a far-reaching impact in that it shed light on many issues of relevance for women, notably those reflected in the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, including legal issues, issues of education, health issues, and so on. the reader may find that in a good many instances, the statistical data contained in the fifth report are similar to their predecessors in the fourth report. however, the actual situation in the country has evolved considerably. status of women directorates have been established in all ministries, and these have served as connecting links to the committee. in addition, a gender mainstreaming strategy has been developed in conjunction with the second five-year plan, with forward-oriented thinking up to the year 2025. we may note at this point that during this period, particular emphasis has been placed on the struggle against poverty and the effort to alleviate it. the committee is participating in the work of the task force responsible for the strategy, in order to ensure that the status of women is included as a component of it, and is receiving support and esteem from all the individuals and organizations concerned. as regards civil society, many associations concerned with the status of women have been founded, and the number of women members of political parties has increased. moreover, a businesswomen's association has recently been established, marking women's first steps into the private sector. important as these accomplishments have been, the fact remains that there is still a gap between men and women in the matter of leadership positions and political office. in some instances, moreover, provisions of the law have not been implemented in practice. the report was considered at a workshop with a membership consisting of a number of prominent women leaders and specialists and chaired by dr. wahiba faraa, minister of state for human rights. a number of alterations were made to the text in accordance with the conclusions and suggestions of the workshop. in conclusion, i should like to extend my heartfelt thanks and appreciation to the members of the working group and the committee's consultant for their invaluable efforts in drafting this report and having it ready for presentation in time to meet the deadline set by the united nations. i wish to express special thanks to the united nations population fund (unfpa) for defraying the cost of updating and reprinting the report. may god grant success to all in matters of benefit to the nation rashida al-hamdani chair, women's national committee general background the republic of yemen is located in the southern part of the arabian peninsula. its area is 555 000 square kilometres (exclusive of the empty quarter). it is bounded on the north by the kingdom of saudi arabia, on the south by the arabian sea and the gulf of aden, on the east by the sultanate of oman, and on the west by the red sea. to the southwest is the strait of bab el-mandeb, with the island of mayoun (perim), which is part of yemen, in the midst of it, dominating the approaches to the red sea. socotra, the largest of yemen's islands, with an area of 365 square kilometres, lies in the arabian sea 510 kilometres from the coast. in the red sea, there are more than 112 islands that belong to yemen, including kamaran, greater hunaish, lesser hunaish, zuqur, al-zubair, al-tair, and many others. islam is the state religion and the source of the legitimacy of yemen's constitution and laws. the population of the republic, according to projections for the year 2000, is approximately 18 261 000. the country is divided into 19 governorates and the national capital region. different governorates are characterized by widely disparate population densities; for the country as a whole, however, population density is approximately 30 persons per square kilometre. population data (projections for the year 2000) total population: 18 261 000 males: 9 134 000 females: 9 118 000 males as a percentage of total population: 50.07 females as a percentage of total population: 49.93 urban population: 4 802 000 urban population (males): 2 587 000 urban population (females): 2 215 000 urban population as a percentage of total population: 26.06 number of years required for population to double: 20.0 average natural yearly population growth rate: 3.5% average number of families per dwelling: 0.98 source: central statistics organization, ministry of planning and development, statistical yearbook, sana'a, june 2001. type of indicator rural urban total male-female ratio, under 1 age group (2000) - - 105 male-female ratio, total population (projections for 2000) 100.2 100.5 100.3 ratio of under-15 age group to total population (projections for 2000) males - - - females - - - both sexes - - 48.6 rural and urban population as percentages of total population 73.70 26.30 100 median age (estimated, 2000) males - - 15.7 females - - 15.89 both sexes - - 15.47 average age (estimated, 2000) males - - 20.70 females - - 21.58 both sexes - - 21.14 dependency ratios (1999) dependency ratio, children 0-14 108.9 82.5 101.2 dependency ratio, persons 65 and over 7.9 5.3 7.2 age dependency ratio 116.9 87.8 108.4 total-dependency ratio 216.9 187.8 208.4 actual dependency ratio 308.4 342.5 316.8 economic dependency ratio 408.4 442.5 416.8 notes: dependency ratio per 100 inhabitants in the 15-64 age bracket. actual dependency ratio per 100 economically active inhabitants economic dependency ratio per 100 economically active inhabitants including the head of the family. type of indicator rural urban total fertility and mortality indicators total fertility rate (2000) 6.3 4.0 5.8 general fertility rate (per thousand women) 202 163 188 crude birth rate (per thousand women) 39.7 35.0 38.9 mortality rates, children under 5 (per thousand) (2000) males 114.0 78.9 106.0 females 87.0 65.5 83.0 both sexes 105.7 72.1 94.8 crude mortality rates (per thousand) (2000) males 12.6 10.0 11.9 females 10.2 8.6 10.3 both sexes 11.6 9.4 11.2 life expectancy at birth (years) (2000) males 57.3 59.9 58.8 females 60.3 64.0 62.7 both sexes 58.8 61.9 60.7 mean age at first marriage (1999 labour force survey) males - - 25.35 females - - 21.94 both sexes - - 23.63 demographic indicators (1997 mother and child health survey) population and family data average family size - - 7.4 average number of individuals per room 3.2 2.6 3.1 average number of individuals per bedroom 4.2 3.5 4.0 female head of household ratio 10.0 9.0 10.0 infant mortality rates (2000) males 88.5 63.6 80.0 females 53.2 51.3 52.4 both sexes 72.0 50.0 67.4 economic situation yemen's economy is currently in the grip of a severe crisis, the first signs of which appeared in the 1980s. the crisis has been accompanied by a number of far-reaching political and economic changes, which undoubtedly helped bring it on. the first of these changes was the reunification of the country in may 1990, with the resultant merging of two different economies, both backward. the second was the gulf crisis of august 1990, as a result of which hundreds of thousands of expatriate yemenis returned from the gulf states, where they had been working. at the same time, the volume of foreign aid and loans dwindled or was cut off altogether, while the level of domestic savings remained low. as a result, poverty in the country not only continued but became worse. these factors have affected women in various ways, the most important of which are discussed below. (a) population growth yemen's population growth is approximately 3.5 per cent annually, one of the highest rates in the world, far outstripping economic growth and social and environmental development. gross domestic product (gdp), for its part, grew during the 1990s at an annual rate of 2.9 per cent in constant price terms, or 27.7 per cent in current price terms, while inflation ran at an annual rate of over 75.8 per cent. the country's population growth constitutes a barrier to improved living conditions and individual welfare, inasmuch as the greater the rate of population increase, the smaller the share of such basic services as education, health, water and housing that is available to each individual. this population growth, incommensurate as it is with the society's economic resources, is adversely affecting all social groups, but is having a particularly severe impact on women, who find themselves confronted with a number of interrelated problems in such areas as nutrition, education, health and various aspects of social welfare. their situation is aggravated by the fact that they live in a traditional society that still pays more attention to men and gives them priority in terms of services. (b) low per capita income there has been a marked increase in average family size in yemen, owing to population growth. according to the 1999 labour force survey, for the country as a whole, the average number of individuals per family is 7.7. in the case of poor families, the figure is 8.5 individuals, compared to 5.9 individuals in the case of better-off families. individual income in yemen is very low by comparison with the constantly increasing cost of living and growing demand for the necessities of life. per capita gross national product (gnp) was 9 550 rials in 1990 and 65 414 rials in 2000. table 4 shows gnp, gdp and per capita gnp. yemen's national income was approximately 122 817 million rials in 1990; in 2000, it was approximately 1 323 620 million rials. remittances sent home by yemenis working abroad, after peaking at $809.2 million in 1985, declined steadily to $120 million per year in the course of the subsequent years, finally ceasing altogether in the aftermath of the gulf crisis in august 1990. remittances from yemenis working abroad, 1975-1990 item 1975 1980 1985 1990 remittances ($ million) 329 1 417 1 189 1 133 remittances as % of gdp 24 40 24 17 remittances as % of foreign exchange earnings 56 65 38 22 gdp, gnp and gnp per capita, 1995-2000 year: 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 1 - number of residents at midyear (thousands) 15 421 15 961 16 520 17 090 17 700 18 261 2 - gdp at market prices (millions of rials) 449 271 554 036 888 808 849 321 1 132 619 1 379 812 3 - gnp at market prices (millions of rials) 433 098 574 893 812 768 801 505 1 026 943 1 194 519 4 - gnp per capita (rials) 28 085 36 019 49 199 46 899 58 019 65 414 5 - gnp per capita (us$) 281 281 381 345 373 404 6 - average exchange rate of us$ (rials) 100.00 128.00 129.28 135.88 155.75 161.73 political and legal situation yemen's legislation has evolved considerably in recent years, especially since the country's unification on 22 may 1990, in response to the economic, social and political changes that have taken place. all law, however—civil, criminal, administrative or relating to personal status—is derived from islamic law (the shari'ah). articles 1-4 general and legal measures aimed at eliminating discrimination against women, promoting their development and advancing their status article 1 of the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women defines discrimination against women as “any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women… of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social cultural, civil or any other field.” under article 2 of the convention, governments undertake to eliminate discrimination against women and to establish equality through constitutional, legislative and other means. this is emphasized in article 3, which calls upon governments to take positive measures to ensure the full development and advancement of women. in the light of these articles, we may now turn to a consideration of the general policies and legal measures aimed at ensuring equality between the sexes in yemen's constitutional and legal context. the constitution of the republic of yemen the constitution of the republic was promulgated on 1 december 1994 and amended in the year 2000. all its terms and provisions are based on islamic law, the shari'ah. the constitution affirms that laws and regulations are issued only to secure citizens' rights: article 24 states, “the state shall guarantee equal opportunity in the political, economic, social and cultural spheres for all citizens, and shall enact laws to that end.” citizens, of course, inc
اللجنة المعنية بالقضاء على التمييز ضد المرأة النظر في التقارير المقدمة من الدول الأطراف بموجب المادة 18 من اتفاقية القضاء على جميع أشكال التمييز ضد المرأة التقرير الدوري الخامس المقدم من الدول الأطراف * للاطلاع على التقرير الأول المقدم من حكومة اليمن، انظر cedaw/c/5/add.61، الذي نظرت فيه اللجنة فــي دورتهـــا الثانيــــة عشــرة. وللاطلاع على التقريــر الــدوري الثانــي المقــدم مـــن حكومـــة اليمن، انظر cedaw/c/13/add.24، الذي نظرت فيه اللجنة في دورتها الثانية عشرة. وللاطلاع على التقرير الدوري الثالث المقدم من حكومة اليمن، انظر cedaw/c/yem/3 الذي نظرت فيه اللجنة في دورتها الثانية عشرة. وللاطلاع على التقرير الدوري الرابع المقدم من حكومة اليمن، انظر cedaw/c/yem/4. اليمن* الجمهورية اليمنية المجلس الأعلى لشؤون المرأة اللجنة الوطنية للمرأة التقرير الوطني عن مستوى تنفيذ اتفاقية القضاء على جميـع أشكال التمييـز ضــد المـــرأة التقرير الخامس