Şunu aradınız:: threonine (İngilizce - Arapça)

threonine
ثريونين, حمض أميني أساسي

it's a threonine microbe.
انها جرثومة (ثريونين)0.

maybe the molecular structure of threonine?
ربما التركيب الجزيئي من ثريونين؟

insulin receptors and insulin binding insulin mediates its actions through binding to insulin receptors. the insulin receptor was fi rst characterised in 1971. it consists of a heterotetramer consisting of 2 α and 2 β glycoprotein subunits linked by disulphide bonds and is located on the cell membrane.25 the gene coding for the insulin receptor is located on the short arm of chromosome 19.17 insulin binds to the extracellular α subunit, resulting in conformational change enabling atp to bind to the intracellular component of the β subunit.23 atp binding in turn triggers phosphorylation of the β subunit conferring tyrosine kinase activity. this enables tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular substrate proteins known as insulin responsive substrates (irs). the irs can then bind other signalling molecules which mediate further cellular actions of insulin.25 there are four known specifi cally-named irs proteins. irs 1 and 2 have widely overlapping tissue distribution. irs 1 is phosphorylated by both the insulin receptor and insulin- like growth factor 1 (igf-1 see below) receptor, mediates the mitogenic effects of insulin and couples glucose sensing to insulin secretion with irs 1 proposed to be the major irs in skeletal muscle. irs 2, proposed to be the main irs in liver, mediates peripheral actions of insulin and growth of pancreatic β cells.25 irs 3 and 4 are less well characterised. irs 3 is found only in adipose tissue, β cells and liver and irs 4 in thymus, brain and kidney.26,27 phosphorylated irs proteins bind specifi c src-homology-2 domain proteins (sh2), which include important enzymes such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi 3-kinase) and phosphotyrosine phosphatase shptp2 (or syp), and other proteins that lack enzymatic activity but which link irs-1 and other intracellular signalling systems, e.g. the adaptor protein grb2 which connects with the ras (rat sarcoma protein) pathway. pi 3-kinase promotes the translocation of glucose transporter proteins, glycogen, lipid and protein synthesis, anti-lipolysis and the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis.27 pi 3-kinase acts via serine and threonine kinases such as akt/protein kinase b (pkb), protein kinase c (pkc) and pi dependent protein kinases1& 2 (pipd 1&2). the ras pathway activates transcription factors and stimulates the growth promoting actions of insulin.25 thus broadly, pi 3-kinase mediates insulin’s metabolic effects, e.g. cellular glucose uptake, while ras signifi cantly mediates insulin’s mitogenic effec
من الأمراض المعدية ، التي تسهم في 35 مليون حالة وفاة سنويًا. هذه ليست مشكلة العالم المتقدم فقط. كل بلد تبنى النظام الغذائي الغربي - وهو النظام الذي يهيمن عليه الطعام منخفض التكلفة عالي التصنيع - شهد ارتفاعًا في معدلات السمنة والأمراض ذات الصلة. يوجد الآن 30٪ من الأشخاص الذين يعانون من السمنة أكثر من الذين يعانون من نقص التغذية. التنمية الاقتصادية تعني أن سكان البلدان المنخفضة والمتوسطة الدخل يعيشون لفترة أطول ، وبالتالي هم مو