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চেস্টারcity in japan
chitose
最后更新： 2011-10-23
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রোটা দ্বীপcity in japan
amami island
最后更新： 2011-10-23
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yahoo japan ব্যবহার করা হবে (_y)
use _yahoo japan
最后更新： 2014-08-20
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donors are usually kept at the donation site for 10–15 minutes after donating since most adverse reactions take place during or immediately after the donation.[63] blood centers typically provide light refreshments, such as orange juice and cookies, or a lunch allowance to help the donor recover.[64] the needle site is covered with a bandage and the donor is directed to keep the bandage on for several hours.[44] in hot climates, donors are advised to avoid dehydration (strenuous exercise and games, alcohol) until a few hours after donation. donated plasma is replaced after 2–3 days.[65] red blood cells are replaced by bone marrow into the circulatory system at a slower rate, on average 36 days in healthy adult males. in one study, the range was 20 to 59 days for recovery.[66] these replacement rates are the basis of how frequently a donor can donate blood. plasmapheresis and plateletpheresis donors can donate much more frequently because they do not lose significant amounts of red cells. the exact rate of how often a donor can donate differs from country to country. for example, plasmapheresis donors in the united states are allowed to donate large volumes twice a week and could nominally donate 83 litres (about 22 gallons) in a year, whereas the same donor in japan may only donate every other week and could only donate about 16 litres (about 4 gallons) in a year.[67] iron supplementation decreases the rates of donor deferral due to low hemoglobin, both at the first donation visit and at subsequent donations. iron-supplemented donors have higher hemoglobin and iron stores. on the other hand, iron supplementation frequently causes diarrhea, constipation and epigastric abdominal discomfort. the long-term effects of iron supplementation without measurement of iron stores are unknown.[68]
最后更新： 2020-08-11
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