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most difficult aid climbs still require pitons or other techniques using a hammer, and are thus rated on the 'a' scale past a certain point.
most difficult aid climbs still require pitons or other techniques using a hammer, and are thus rated on the 'a' scale past a certain point.
最后更新： 2016-03-03
使用频率： 1
质量：
===clean scale===clean aiding is aid climbing without the use of bolting gear, pitons or other gear that scars the rock or becomes fixed after the ascent.
===clean scale===clean aiding is aid climbing without the use of bolting gear, pitons or other gear that scars the rock or becomes fixed after the ascent.
最后更新： 2016-03-03
使用频率： 1
质量：
cen -en 569:1997 mountaineering equipment — pitons — safety requirements and test methods -10.8.2002 -— --cen -en 659:2003 protective gloves for firefighters -21.2.2004 -en 659:1996 -date expired (21.2.2004) -
cen -en 568:1997 Εξοπλισμός ορειβασίας — Αγκυρώσεις πάγου — Απαιτήσεις ασφάλειας και μέθοδοι δοκιμής -14.6.1997 -— --
最后更新： 2008-03-04
使用频率： 3
质量：
参考：