您搜索了: electromagnetism (葡萄牙语 - 英语)

as a case in point, the photon is massless because electromagnetism is described by a u(1) gauge theory.
as a case in point, the photon is massless because electromagnetism is described by a u(1) gauge theory.

this culminated around 1968 in a unified theory of electromagnetism and weak interactions by sheldon glashow, steven weinberg, and abdus salam, for which they shared the 1979 nobel prize in physics.
this culminated around 1968 in a unified theory of electromagnetism and weak interactions by sheldon glashow, steven weinberg, and abdus salam, for which they shared the 1979 nobel prize in physics.

the fundamental interactions of gravitation, electromagnetism, the strong interaction and the weak interaction have now taken their present forms, but the temperature of the universe is still too high to allow quarks to bind together to form hadrons.
at the end of this epoch, the fundamental interactions of gravitation, electromagnetism, the strong interaction and the weak interaction have now taken their present forms, and fundamental particles have mass, but the temperature of the universe is still too high to allow quarks to bind together to form hadrons.

== bibliografia ==* dibner, bern, "oersted and the discovery of electromagnetism", nova iorque, blaisdell (1962).
==see also==*oersted's law*james clerk maxwell*thought experiment==references====further reading==* dibner, bern, "oersted and the discovery of electromagnetism", new york, blaisdell (1962).

=="collective electrodynamics" approach to electromagnetism==carver mead has developed an approach he calls "collective electrodynamics" in which electromagnetic effects, including quantized energy transfer, derived from the interactions of the wavefunctions of electrons behavingcollectively.
=="collective electrodynamics" approach to electromagnetism==carver mead has developed an approach he calls "collective electrodynamics" in which electromagnetic effects, including quantized energy transfer, are derived from the interactions of the wavefunctions of electrons behavingcollectively.