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now we can get the percentage of change (increase or decrease) between both profits that we have previously calculated. for this, we use the standard operation to relate two values: division. final value / initial value 11.1 / 10.431 = 1.064 this means a 6.4% percentage of increase, making option answer d) the right one. if you feel more comfortable, you can convert again the unit format into percentage format in the last step, going step by step: 1.064-1 = 0.064 0.064 * 100 = 6.4% although in that case, we recommend practising a lot more in working with percentages, as we did in our first book on numerical reasoning. there you will find, besides, how to find a decrease between two values, for example: final value / initial value 10 / 11 = 0.909 0.909 - 1 = -0.091 -0.091 * 100 = -9.1% 65
according to the question, we need to calculate the 2018 first-half profit to compare it to the 2019 first-half profit. the complicated issue here is to obtain that profit, considering that there is only provided the figure for the whole year 2018, 24.2 million usd. still, we have an important hint: there was 32% more profit in the second half of the year than in the first half. so, let us say that the unknown x is the profit in the first half of 2018 - the figure we are looking for. using the hint that we have, the profit in the second half has to be equivalent to the profit in the first half mulfiplied by 132% or, in our 'favourite' unit format, multiplied by 1. 32. therefore, we can set this simple equation: the profit in the first half of 2018 (x) plus the profit in the second half of 2018 (1.32 * x) has to be equal to 24.2 million usd, which is the profit of the whole year. x+1.32*x= 24.2 clearing and solving the equation: 2.32 * x = 24.2 x= 24.2 / 2.32 = 10.431 million usd once this profit in the first half of 2018 has been obtained, we need to calculate the profit in the same period of 2019, a much easier task because we only have to add its q1 (first quarter) and q2 (second quarter) profits: 4.3 + 6.8 = 11.1 million usd 64