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valtiotieteen ja kauppatieteiden maisteri (1969); kauppaja liiketaloustieteen tohtori (1976).
yorkshire & humber regional board (since 1999). Φ deputy secretary-general of the socialist group in the european parliament (19951996). Φ president, jeunesse européenne fédéraliste (19791981). president, links europa (since 1998). Φ president, gmb meps chairman, labour movement for europe, mep section. Φ author of several books and many articles on the european union including "the european parliament" (4th ed. 1999, j. harper publishing). silver medal, european parliament (1996). graduate in political and economic science (1969); doctor of economics and business studies (1976).