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ruthenium
الروثينيوم عنصر فلزي
Last Update: 2022-11-16
Usage Frequency: 3
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he was primarily known as a chemist and discoverer of the chemical element ruthenium, but also as one of the first scientists who applied quantitative methods in botany.
كان معروفا في المقام الأول ككيميائي ومكتشف الروثينيوم أحد العناصر الكيميائية، كما عرف أيضاً باعتباره واحدا من أوائل العلماء الذين حسبوا الأساليب الكمية في علم النبات.
2)* element in multiple oxidation states** antimony tetroxide (sb2o4)** cobalt(ii,iii) oxide (co3o4)** iron(ii,iii) oxide (fe3o4)** lead tetroxide (pb3o4)** manganese(ii,iii) oxide (mn3o4)** silver(i,iii) oxide (ago)* element in +1 oxidation state** copper(i) oxide (cu2o)** dicarbon monoxide (c2o)** dichlorine monoxide (cl2o)** lithium oxide (li2o)** potassium oxide (k2o)** rubidium oxide (rb2o)** silver(i) oxide (ag2o)** thallium oxide (tl2o)** sodium oxide (na2o)** water (hydrogen oxide) (h2o)* element in +2 oxidation state** aluminium monoxide (alo)** barium oxide (bao)** beryllium oxide (beo)** cadmium oxide (cdo)** calcium oxide (cao)** carbon monoxide (co)** cobalt(ii) oxide (coo)** copper(ii) oxide (cuo)** iron(ii) oxide (feo)** lead(ii) oxide (pbo)** magnesium oxide (mgo)** mercury(ii) oxide (o)** nickel(ii) oxide (nio)** nitrogen oxide (no)** palladium(ii) oxide (pdo)** strontium oxide (sro)** sulphur monoxide (so)** tin(ii) oxide (sno)** titanium(ii) oxide (tio)** vanadium(ii) oxide (vo)** zinc oxide (zno)* element in +3 oxidation state** aluminium oxide (al2o3)** antimony trioxide (sb2o3)** arsenic trioxide (as2o3)** bismuth trioxide (bi2o3)** boron oxide (b2o3)** chromium(iii) oxide (cr2o3)** dinitrogen trioxide (n2o3)** erbium(iii) oxide (er2o3)** gadolinium(iii) oxide (gd2o3)** gallium(iii) oxide (ga2o3)** holmium(iii) oxide (ho2o3)** indium(iii) oxide (in2o3)** iron(iii) oxide (fe2o3)** lanthanum(iii) oxide (la2o3)** lutetium(iii) oxide (lu2o3)** nickel(iii) oxide (ni2o3)** phosphorus trioxide (p4o6)** promethium(iii) oxide (pm2o3)** rhodium(iii) oxide (rh2o3)** samarium(iii) oxide (sm2o3)** scandium(iii) oxide (sc2o3)** terbium(iii) oxide (tb2o3)** thallium(iii) oxide (tl2o3)** thulium(iii) oxide (tm2o3)** titanium(iii) oxide (ti2o3)** tungsten(iii) oxide (w2o3)** vanadium(iii) oxide (v2o3)** ytterbium(iii) oxide (yb2o3)** yttrium(iii) oxide (y2o3)* element in +4 oxidation state** carbon dioxide (co2)** carbon trioxide (co3)** cerium(iv) oxide (ceo2)** chlorine dioxide (clo2)** chromium(iv) oxide (cro2)** dinitrogen tetroxide (n2o4)** germanium dioxide (geo2)** hafnium(iv) oxide (hfo2)** lead(iv) oxide (pbo2)** manganese(iv) oxide (mno2)** nitrogen dioxide (no2)** plutonium dioxide (puo2)** rhodium(iv) oxide (rho2)** ruthenium(iv) oxide (ruo2)** selenium dioxide (seo2)** silicon dioxide (sio2)** sulfur dioxide (so2)** tellurium dioxide (teo2)** thorium dioxide (o2)** tin dioxide (sno2)** titanium dioxide (tio2)** tungsten(iv) oxide (wo2)** uranium dioxide (uo2)** vanadium(iv) oxide (vo2)** zirconium dioxide (zro2)* element in +5 oxidation state** antimony pentoxide (sb2o5)** arsenic pentoxide (as2o5)** dinitrogen pentoxide (n2o5)** niobium pentoxide** phosphorus pentoxide (p2o5)** tantalum pentoxide (ta2o5)** vanadium(v) oxide (v2o5)* element in +6 oxidation state** chromium trioxide (cro3)** molybdenum(vi) oxide (moo3)** rhenium trioxide (reo3)** selenium trioxide (seo3)** sulphur trioxide (so3)** tellurium trioxide (teo3)** tungsten trioxide (wo3)** uranium trioxide (uo3)** xenon trioxide (xeo3)* element in +7 oxidation state** dichlorine heptoxide (cl2o7)** manganese(vii) oxide (mn2o7)** rhenium(vii) oxide (re2o7)** technetium(vii) oxide* element in +8 oxidation state** osmium tetroxide (oso4)** ruthenium tetroxide (ruo4)** xenon tetroxide (xeo4)== see also ==* other oxygen ions ozonide, o3−, superoxide, o2−, peroxide, o22− and dioxygenyl, o2+.
#* أكسدة ب mno4-, cro3#* الجفاف ب p2o5# الكيمياء المعدنية :#* مع الماء لإنتاج الحموض الأكسجينية مثل so3 + h2o → h2so4#* إنتاج قواعد قوية na2o#* ملونات الألعاب النارية (اكاسيد معدنية)#* حامض الفوسفوريك من اصل اكسيد الفوسفور يلعب دورا مهما كعنصر من تركيبة جزيئة الحمض النووي وناقل للطاقة كالأدينوساين* عناصر في حالة الأكسدة 1-** oxygen difluoride (of2)** الأنتيمون الرباعي (sb2o4)** أكسيد الكوبالت الثنائي والتلاتي(co3o4)** أكسيد الحديد الثنائي والثلاثي (fe3o4)** رابع أكسيد الرصاص (pb3o4)** اكسيد منغنيز ثنائي وثلاثي (mn3o4)** أكسيد فضة ثنائية (ago)* عناصر في حالة الاكسدة 1+** copper(i) oxide (cu2o)** dicarbon monoxide (c2o)** dichlorine monoxide (cl2o)** أكسيد ليثيوم (li2o)** potassium oxide (k2o)** rubidium oxide (rb2o)** silver(i) oxide (ag2o)** thallium oxide (tl2o)** sodium oxide (na2o)** water (hydrogen oxide) (h2o)* عناصر في حالة الاكسدة 2+** aluminium monoxide (alo)** barium oxide (bao)** beryllium oxide (beo)** cadmium oxide (cdo)** calcium oxide (cao)** carbon monoxide (co)** cobalt(ii) oxide (coo)** copper(ii) oxide (cuo)** iron(ii) oxide (feo)** lead(ii) oxide (pbo)** magnesium oxide (mgo)** mercury(ii) oxide (o)** nickel(ii) oxide (nio)** nitrogen oxide (no)** palladium(ii) oxide (pdo)** strontium oxide (sro)** sulphur monoxide (so)** tin(ii) oxide (sno)** titanium(ii) oxide (tio)** vanadium(ii) oxide (vo)** zinc oxide (zno)* عناصر في حالة الاكسدة 3+** aluminium oxide (al2o3)** antimony trioxide (sb2o3)** arsenic trioxide (as2o3)** bismuth trioxide (bi2o3)** boron oxide (b2o3)** chromium(iii) oxide (cr2o3)** dinitrogen trioxide (n2o3)** erbium(iii) oxide (er2o3)** gadolinium(iii) oxide (gd2o3)** gallium(iii) oxide (ga2o3)** holmium(iii) oxide (ho2o3)** indium(iii) oxide (in2o3)** iron(iii) oxide (fe2o3)** lanthanum(iii) oxide (la2o3)** lutetium(iii) oxide (lu2o3)** nickel(iii) oxide (ni2o3)** phosphorus trioxide (p4o6)** promethium(iii) oxide (pm2o3)** rhodium(iii) oxide (rh2o3)** samarium(iii) oxide (sm2o3)** scandium(iii) oxide (sc2o3)** terbium(iii) oxide (tb2o3)** thallium(iii) oxide (tl2o3)** thulium(iii) oxide (tm2o3)** titanium(iii) oxide (ti2o3)** tungsten(iii) oxide (w2o3)** vanadium(iii) oxide (v2o3)** ytterbium(iii) oxide (yb2o3)** yttrium(iii) oxide (y2o3)* عناصر في حالة الاكسدة 4+** carbon dioxide (co2)** carbon trioxide (co3)** cerium(iv) oxide (ceo2)** chlorine dioxide (clo2)** chromium(iv) oxide (cro2)** dinitrogen tetroxide (n2o4)** germanium dioxide (geo2)** hafnium(iv) oxide (hfo2)** lead(iv) oxide (pbo2)** manganese(iv) oxide (mno2)** nitrogen dioxide (no2)** plutonium dioxide (puo2)** rhodium(iv) oxide (rho2)** ruthenium(iv) oxide (ruo2)** selenium dioxide (seo2)** silicon dioxide (sio2)** sulfur dioxide (so2)** tellurium dioxide (teo2)** thorium dioxide (o2)** tin dioxide (sno2)** titanium dioxide (tio2)** tungsten(iv) oxide (wo2)** uranium dioxide (uo2)** vanadium(iv) oxide (vo2)** zirconium dioxide (zro2)* عناصر في حالة الاكسدة 5+** antimony pentoxide (sb2o5)** arsenic pentoxide (as2o5)** dinitrogen pentoxide (n2o5)** niobium pentoxide** phosphorus pentoxide (p2o5)** tantalum pentoxide (ta2o5)** vanadium(v) oxide (v2o5)* عناصر في حالة الاكسدة 6+** chromium trioxide (cro3)** molybdenum(vi) oxide (moo3)** rhenium trioxide (reo3)** selenium trioxide (seo3)** sulphur trioxide (so3)** tellurium trioxide (teo3)** tungsten trioxide (wo3)** uranium trioxide (uo3)** xenon trioxide (xeo3)* عناصر في حالة الاكسدة 7+** dichlorine heptoxide (cl2o7)** manganese(vii) oxide (mn2o7)** rhenium(vii) oxide (re2o7)** technetium(vii) oxide* عناصر في حالة الاكسدة 8+** osmium tetroxide (oso4)** ruthenium tetroxide (ruo4)** xenon tetroxide (xeo4)*حالة الأكسدة*تكافؤ