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aggregation, on the other hand, implies encapsulation (hidding) of the parts of the composition.
class datetime {// same as previous example} class datetimeplus {var $_format; function datetimeplus($format="y-m-d h:i:s") {$this- _format = $format} function now() {return date($this- _format);}} class report {var $_dt; // we'll keep the reference to datetime here // more properties... function report() {// do some initialization} function setdatetime( $dt) {$this- _dt = $dt;} function generatereport() {$datetime = $_dt- now(); // more code...} // more methods...} $rep = new report(); $dt = new datetime(); $dtp = new datetimeplus("l, f j, y (h:i:s a, t)"); // generate report with simple date for web display $rep- setdatetime( $dt); echo $rep- generatereport(); // later on in the code... // generate report with fancy date $rep- setdatetime( $dtp); $output = $rep- generatereport(); // save $output in database //... etc...
the incorporation and encapsulation of indigenous peoples within modern states through colonization and modernization has rendered their land and resources open to expropriation for use by others.
通过殖民化和现代化将土著民族并入和压缩在现代国家的范围内,造成其土地和资源公开被征用,供别人利用。
a good encapsulation of that concept, as well as of the interrelationship between verification and compliance, was set out in principle 11 of the 16 verification principles, which reads:
16项核查原则中的第11条原则的规定很好地概况了这一概念,以及核查和遵守之间的相互关系,这一原则的内容如下:
23. many years before 1990, the buildings management service at the united nations office at vienna started a programme of regular inspections and encapsulation of asbestos surfaces so as to prevent asbestos fibres becoming air borne.
23. 在1990年以前多年,联合国维也纳办事处建筑物管理处开始一个关于定期检查和装封石棉表面的方案,以便防止石棉纤维飘逸在空中。
develop bat guidelines and regulations for terminal (long term) storage, including encapsulation within deep underground storage facilities impervious to seepage, earthquakes, and geological disturbances
制定有关终极(长期)贮存的最佳可行技术准则和条例,包括在不受渗漏、地震、地质扰动影响的地下深处贮存设施中的密封贮存
43. given the secretariat-wide scope of the present report and established document-length limitations, the qualitative assessments present an encapsulation of the elements described above.
43.由于本报告范围涉及全秘书处,文件长度又有限制,各项质量评估只能以概括的方式触及上述内容。
as will be seen from the observations at paragraphs 111 to 119, supra, the expression "lost profits " is an encapsulation of quite a complicated concept. in particular, it will be appreciated that achieving profits or suffering a loss is a function of the risk margin and the actual event.
126. 从上文第111-119段的评述中可以看到, "利润损失 "的说法包含了一个十分复杂的概念,具体而言,要认识到,实现利润或蒙受损失与风险保障和实际发生的事件成函数关系。