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the story began in 1933 when astronomer fritz zwicky was studying the motions of distant and massive clusters of galaxies, specifically the coma cluster and the virgo cluster. zwicky estimated the mass of each galaxy in the cluster based on their luminosity, and added up all of the galaxy masses to get a total cluster mass. he then made a second, independent estimate of the cluster mass, based on measuring the spread in velocities of the individual galaxies in the cluster. to his suprise, this second dynamical mass estimate was 400 times larger than the estimate based on the galaxy light.
historien begynder i 1933 da astronomen fritz zwicky studerede bevægelserne af fjerne og massive hobe af galakser, specielt coma- hoben og virgohoben. zwicky beregnede massen af hver galakse på baggrund af dens lysudsendelse og lagde masserne sammen for at få massen af hele galaksehoben. han lavede så en anden uafhængig beregning af hobens masse ud fra hastigheden de enkelte galakser i hoben bevægede sig med. til hans store overraskelse var den anden såkaldte dynamiske masse omkring 400 gange større end beregningen baseret på galaksernes lysudsendelse.
