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the secondary response to the antigen is both faster and stronger than the fi rst. antigen specific b cell division has already occurred, and an expanded set of memory b cells bearing high affinity receptors is available for immediate diff erentiation to high affi nity igg secretion. interestingly, somatically
Last Update: 2020-10-13
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background: type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to decreased insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and / or insulin function (insulin resistance). in hyperglycemia it causes an increase in ros (reactive oxygen species). oxidative stress results from bodily imbalances in increased ros production and reduced antioxidants in cells. increased ros production in diabetes can be overcome by increasing sod.
latar belakang: diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai oleh hiperglikemia akibat penurunan sekresi insulin oleh sel beta pankreas dan atau fungsi insulin (resistensi insulin). pada hiperglikemia menyebabkan peningkatan ros (reactive oxygen species). stres oksidatif dihasilkan dari ketidakseimbangan tubuh dalam peningkatan produksi ros dan antioksidan berkurang dalam sel. peningkatan produksi ros pada diabetes dapat diatasi dengan meningkatkan sod.
Last Update: 2020-07-20
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