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pahomts
homology in cladistics is reviewed. the definition of important terms is explicated in historical context. homology is not synonymous with synapomorphy: it includes symplesiomorphy, and hennig clearly included both plesiomorphy and synapomorphy as types of homology. homoplasy is error, in coding, and is analogous to residual error in simple regression. if parallelism and convergence are to be distinguished, homoplasy would be evidence of the former and analogy evidence of the latter. we discuss whether there is a difference between molecular homology and morphological homology, character state homology, nested homology (additive characters), and serial homology. we conclude by proposing a global definition of homology. !the will henning society 2011.

pahomts
an acquaintance with the historical foundations of a field of study is useful especially when they lie in many different disciplines. following the threads of reasoning from their origins through points of branching and fusion to their present position in the closely woven fabric of science helps to identify and separate the contribution they make to current ideas, which thereby become clearer.