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mechanisms of adaptation and compensation for adverse events are involved, together with the results of collective action, biological factors and individual behaviour.
这些机制是应对和弥补因集体行动、生物因素和个人行为而产生的有害现象的机制。
economic insecurity arises from the exposure of individuals, communities and countries to adverse events, and from their inability to cope with and recover from the downside losses.
个人、社区和国家遇到不测事件,他们无力应对衰退的损失并从中恢复,引起经济没有保障。