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all seven hcovs have a zoonotic origin from bats, mice or domestic animals.
virusi vyote saba vya hcov vina asili ya kutoka kwa popo, panya au wanyama wa nyumbani.

some strains of mhv cause a progressive demyelinating encephalitis in mice which has been used as a murine model for multiple sclerosis.
baadhi ya aina za mhv zinasababisha kuendelea kwa uvimbe wa ubongo katika panya ambayo imetumika kama mfano wa puku kwa ugonjwa wa neva.

later in 1967, hcov-oc43 was isolated from organ culture and subsequent serial passage in brains of suckling mice.
baadaye katika mwaka wa 1967, virusi vya hcov-oc43 vilitolewa kutoka kwa ukuzaji wa kiungo na upandikishaji katika bongo za panya walionyonyesha.

early research to assess vaccine efficacy using covid-19-specific animal models, such as ace2-transgenic mice, other laboratory animals, and non-human primates, indicate a need for biosafety-level 3 containment measures for handling live viruses, and international coordination to ensure standardized safety procedures.
utafiti wa mapema wa kutathmini ufanisi wa chanjo kwa kutumia mifamo maalum ya covid-19 ya wananyama, kama vile ace2 yenye jeni kutoka kwa panya, wanyama wengine wa maabara, na chembe zingine zisizo za kibinadamu, unaonyesha hitaji za hatua za uzuizi wa kiwango cha 3 cha usalama wa chembe za kuambukiza, na uratibu wa kimataifa ili kuhakikisha taratibu sanifu za usalama.