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Dernière mise à jour : 2016-12-02
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Dernière mise à jour : 2013-02-19
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people need places in which to live, work, play, learn, worship, meet, govern, shop, and eat. architects are responsible for designing these places, whether they are private or public; indoors or out; rooms, buildings, or complexes. architects are licensed professionals trained in the art and science of building design who develop the concepts for structures and turn those concepts into images and plans. architects create the overall look of buildings and other structures, but the design of a building involves far more than its appearance. buildings also must be functional, safe, and economical and must suit the needs of the people who use them. architects consider all these factors when they design buildings and other structures. architects may be involved in all phases of a construction project, from the initial discussion with the client through the final delivery of the completed structure. their duties require specific skills—designing, engineering, managing, supervising, and communicating with clients and builders. architects spend a great deal of time explaining their ideas to clients, construction contractors, and others. successful architects must be able to communicate their unique vision persuasively. the architect and client discuss the objectives, requirements, and budget of a project. in some cases, architects provide various predesign services: conducting feasibility and environmental impact studies, selecting a site, preparing cost analysis and land-use studies, or specifying the requirements the design must meet. for example, they may determine space requirements by researching the numbers and types of potential users of a building. the architect then prepares drawings and a report presenting ideas for the client to review. after discussing and agreeing on the initial proposal, architects develop final construction plans that show the building's appearance and details for its construction. accompanying these plans are drawings of the structural system; air-conditioning, heating, and ventilating systems; electrical systems; communications systems; plumbing; and, possibly, site and landscape plans. the plans also specify the building materials and, in some cases, the interior furnishings. in developing designs, architects follow building codes, zoning laws, fire regulations, and other ordinances, such as those requiring easy access by people who are disabled. computer-aided design and drafting (cadd) and building information modeling (bim) technology has replaced traditional paper and pencil as the most common method for creating design and construction drawings. continual revision of plans on the basis of client needs and budget constraints is often necessary. architects may also assist clients in obtaining construction bids, selecting contractors, and negotiating construction contracts. as construction proceeds, they may visit building sites to make sure that contractors follow the design, adhere to the schedule, use the specified materials, and meet work quality standards. the job is not complete until all construction is finished, required tests are conducted, and construction costs are paid. sometimes, architects also provide postconstruction services, such as facilities management. they advise on energy efficiency measures, evaluate how well the building design adapts to the needs of occupants, and make necessary improvements. often working with engineers, urban planners, interior designers, landscape architects, and other professionals, architects in fact spend a great deal of their time coordinating information from, and the work of, other professionals engaged in the same project. they design a wide variety of buildings, such as office and apartment buildings, schools, churches, factories, hospitals, houses, and airport terminals. they also design complexes such as urban centers, college campuses, industrial parks, and entire communities. architects sometimes specialize in one phase of work. some specialize in the design of one type of building—for example, hospitals, schools, or housing. others focus on planning and predesign services or construction management and do minimal design work. work environment. usually working in a comfortable environment, architects spend most of their time in offices consulting with clients, developing reports and drawings, and working with other architects and engineers. however, they often visit construction sites to review the progress of projects. in 2008, approximately 1 in 5 architects worked more than 50 hours per week, as long hours and work during nights and weekends is often necessary to meet deadlines.
Dernière mise à jour : 2012-02-21
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Dernière mise à jour : 2016-12-01
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Dernière mise à jour : 2016-10-27
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