Hai cercato la traduzione di konstruktivismus da Ceco a Inglese

Český konstruktivismus - vzácné !!!
rare czech constructivism !!!

Český konstruktivismus - velmi vzácné !!
very rare czech constructivism !!

zdůraznění dynamického pohledu na učení představuje novou teorii poznání – sociální konstruktivismus, který vykresluje studenta jako aktivního tvůrce konceptů v rámci sociálně interaktivního výukového prostředí.
underpinning the dynamic view of learning is a new theory of knowing: social constructivism, which portrays the learner as an active conceptualiser within a socially interactive learning environment.

sociální konstruktivismus je gnozeologie, neboli způsob poznání, v němž studenti přemýšlivě spolupracují na společném vytváření nových vědomostí, zejména v kontextu vzájemného poznávání vycházejícího z jejich vlastních zkušeností.
social constructivism is an epistemology, or way of knowing, in which learners collaborate reflectively to co-construct new understandings, especially in the context of mutual inquiry grounded in their personal experience.

== kořeny moderního umění ===== 19. století ===* romantismus, romantické hnutí – francisco goya, j. m. w. turner, eugène delacroix* realismus – gustave courbet, camille corot, jean-françois millet* impresionismus – edgar degas, Édouard manet, claude monet, camille pissarro, alfred sisley* postimpresionismus – georges seurat, paul cézanne, paul gauguin, vincent van gogh, henri de toulouse-lautrec, henri rousseau* symbolismus – gustave moreau, odilon redon, james ensor* les nabis – pierre bonnard, edouard vuillard, félix vallotton* premodernističtí sochaři – aristide maillol, auguste rodin=== počátek 20. století (před první světovou válkou) ===* art nouveau a varianty – jugendstil, modern style, modernisme – aubrey beardsley, alphonse mucha, gustav klimt* art nouveau architecture & design – antoni gaudí, otto wagner, wiener werkstätte, josef hoffmann, adolf loos, koloman moser* kubismus – georges braque, pablo picasso* fauvismus – andré derain, henri matisse, maurice de vlaminck* expresionismus – egon schiele, oskar kokoschka, edvard munch, emil nolde* futurismus – giacomo balla, umberto boccioni, carlo carrà* die brücke – ernst ludwig kirchner* der blaue reiter – vasilij kandinskij, franz marc* orfismus – robert delaunay, sonia delaunay, jacques villon, františek kupka* fotografie – piktorialismus, přímá fotografie (straight photography)* postimpressionismus – emily carr* pre-surrealismus – giorgio de chirico, marc chagall* ruská avantgarda – kasimir malevich, natalia goncharova, mikhail larionov* sochařství – pablo picasso, henri matisse, constantin brâncuşi* synchromismus – stanton macdonald-wright, morgan russell* vorticismus – wyndham lewis=== od první světové války do druhé světové války ===* dada – jean arp, marcel duchamp, max ernst, francis picabia, kurt schwitters* syntetický kubismus – georges braque, juan gris, fernand léger, pablo picasso* pittura metafisica – giorgio de chirico, carlo carrà, giorgio morandi* de stijl – theo van doesburg, piet mondrian* expresionismus – egon schiele, amedeo modigliani, chaïm soutine* new objectivity – max beckmann, otto dix, george grosz* figurativní malba – henri matisse, pierre bonnard* americký modernismus – stuart davis, arthur g. dove, marsden hartley, georgia o'keeffe* konstruktivismus – naum gabo, gustav klutsis, lászló moholy-nagy, el lissitzky, kasimir malevich, vadim meller, alexandr rodčenko, vladimir tatlin, * jaroslav rössler, karel kašpařík* surrealismus – jean arp, salvador dalí, max ernst, rené magritte, andré masson, joan miró, marc chagall* bauhaus – vasilij kandinskij, paul klee, josef albers* sochařství – alexander calder, alberto giacometti, gaston lachaise, henry moore, pablo picasso, julio gonzalez* skotští koloristé – francis cadell, samuel peploe, leslie hunter, john duncan fergusson* suprematismus – kazimir malevič, aleksandra ekster, olga rozanova, nadezhda udaltsova, ivan kliun, lyubov popova, nikolai suetin, nina genke-meller, ivan puni, ksenia boguslavskaya=== po druhé světové válce ===* figurativní umění – bernard buffet, jean carzou, maurice boitel, daniel du janerand, claude-max lochu* sochařství – henry moore, david smith, tony smith, alexander calder, isamu noguchi, alberto giacometti, sir anthony caro, jean dubuffet, isaac witkin, rené iché, marino marini, louise nevelson* abstraktní expresionismus – willem de kooning, jackson pollock, hans hofmann, franz kline, robert motherwell, clyfford still, lee krasner* američtí abstraktní umělci – lee krasner, ibram lassaw, ad reinhardt, josef albers, burgoyne diller* art brut – adolf wölfli, august natterer, ferdinand cheval, madge gill, paul salvator goldengreen* arte povera – jannis kounellis, luciano fabro, mario merz, piero manzoni, alighiero boetti* color field painting – barnett newman, mark rothko, sam francis, morris louis, helen frankenthaler* tachisme – jean dubuffet, pierre soulages, hans hartung, ludwig merwart* cobra – pierre alechinsky, karel appel, asger jorn* de-collage – wolf vostell, mimmo rotella* neo-dada – robert rauschenberg, jasper johns, john chamberlain, joseph beuys, edward kienholz* fluxus – george maciunas, nam june paik, wolf vostell, yoko ono, alison knowles, charlotte moorman, dick higgins* happening – allan kaprow, joseph beuys, nam june paik, wolf vostell, charlotte moorman, dick higgins, yoko ono* dau-al-set – založil v barceloně básník/umělec joan brossa, – antoni tàpies* grupo el paso – založili v madridu umělci antonio saura, pablo serrano* geometrická abstrakce – vasilij kandinskij, kazimir malevič, nadir afonso, manlio rho, mario radice, mino argento* hard-edge malba – john mclaughlin, ellsworth kelly, frank stella, al held, ronald davis* kinetické umění – george rickey, getulio alviani* land art – christo, richard long, robert smithson, michael heizer* les automatistes – claude gauvreau, jean-paul riopelle, pierre gauvreau, fernand leduc, jean-paul mousseau, marcelle ferron* minimální umění – sol lewitt, donald judd, dan flavin, richard serra, agnes martin* postminimalismus – eva hesse, bruce nauman, lynda benglis* lyrická abstrakce – ronnie landfield, sam gilliam, larry zox, dan christensen, natvar bhavsar, larry poons* neo-figurativní umění – fernando botero, antonio berni* neoexpresionismus – georg baselitz, anselm kiefer, jörg immendorff, jean-michel basquiat* transavanguardia – francesco clemente, mimmo paladino, sandro chia, enzo cucchi* figuration libre – hervé di rosa, françois boisrond, robert combas* nový realismus – yves klein, pierre restany, arman* op-art – victor vasarely, bridget riley, richard anuszkiewicz* outsider art – howard finster, grandma moses, bob justin* fotorealismus – audrey flack, chuck close, duane hanson, richard estes, malcolm morley* pop art – richard hamilton, robert indiana, jasper johns, roy lichtenstein, robert rauschenberg, andy warhol, ed ruscha, david hockney* poválečná evropská figurativní malba – lucian freud, francis bacon, frank auerbach, gerhard richter* shaped canvas – lee bontecou, frank stella, kenneth noland, ron davis, robert mangold.
=== 19th century ===* romanticism and the romantic movement – francisco de goya, j. m. w. turner, eugène delacroix* realism – gustave courbet, camille corot, jean-françois millet* impressionism – frédéric bazille, gustave caillebotte, mary cassatt, edgar degas, armand guillaumin, Édouard manet, claude monet, berthe morisot, pierre-auguste renoir, camille pissarro, alfred sisley* post-impressionism – georges seurat, paul cézanne, paul gauguin, vincent van gogh, henri de toulouse-lautrec, henri rousseau, henri-jean guillaume martin, albert lebourg, robert antoine pinchon* symbolism – gustave moreau, odilon redon, edvard munch, james whistler, james ensor* les nabis – pierre bonnard, Édouard vuillard, félix vallotton, maurice denis, paul serusier* art nouveau and variants – jugendstil, modern style, modernisme – aubrey beardsley, alphonse mucha, gustav klimt,* art nouveau architecture and design – antoni gaudí, otto wagner, wiener werkstätte, josef hoffmann, adolf loos, koloman moser* divisionism – jean metzinger, robert delaunay, paul signac, henri-edmond cross* early modernist sculptors – aristide maillol, auguste rodin=== early 20th century (before world war i) ===* abstract art – francis picabia, wassily kandinsky, františek kupka, robert delaunay, léopold survage, piet mondrian* fauvism – andré derain, henri matisse, maurice de vlaminck, georges braque* expressionism and related – die brücke, der blaue reiter - ernst ludwig kirchner, wassily kandinsky, franz marc, egon schiele, oskar kokoschka, emil nolde, axel törneman, karl schmidt-rottluff, max pechstein* futurism – giacomo balla, umberto boccioni, carlo carrà, gino severini, natalia goncharova, mikhail larionov* cubism – pablo picasso, georges braque, jean metzinger, albert gleizes, fernand léger, robert delaunay, henri le fauconnier, marcel duchamp, jacques villon, francis picabia, juan gris* sculpture – pablo picasso, henri matisse, constantin brâncuși, joseph csaky, alexander archipenko, raymond duchamp-villon, jacques lipchitz, ossip zadkine* orphism – robert delaunay, sonia delaunay, františek kupka* photography – pictorialism, straight photography* suprematism – kasimir malevich, alexander rodchenko, el lissitzky* synchromism – stanton macdonald-wright, morgan russell* vorticism – wyndham lewis* dada – jean arp, marcel duchamp, max ernst, francis picabia, kurt schwitters=== world war i to world war ii ===* pittura metafisica – giorgio de chirico, carlo carrà, giorgio morandi* de stijl – theo van doesburg, piet mondrian* expressionism – egon schiele, amedeo modigliani, chaim soutine* new objectivity – max beckmann, otto dix, george grosz* figurative painting – henri matisse, pierre bonnard* american modernism – stuart davis, arthur g. dove, marsden hartley, georgia o'keeffe* constructivism – naum gabo, gustav klutsis, lászló moholy-nagy, el lissitzky, kasimir malevich, vadim meller, alexander rodchenko, vladimir tatlin* surrealism – marc chagall, rené magritte, jean arp, salvador dalí, max ernst, giorgio de chirico, andré masson, joan miró, marc chagall* bauhaus – wassily kandinsky, paul klee, josef albers* sculpture – alexander calder, alberto giacometti, gaston lachaise, henry moore, pablo picasso, julio gonzalez* scottish colourists – francis cadell, samuel peploe, leslie hunter, john duncan fergusson* suprematism – kazimir malevich, aleksandra ekster, olga rozanova, nadezhda udaltsova, ivan kliun, lyubov popova, nikolai suetin, nina genke-meller, ivan puni, ksenia boguslavskaya* precisionism – charles sheeler, charles demuth=== after world war ii ===* figuratifs – bernard buffet, jean carzou, maurice boitel, daniel du janerand, claude-max lochu* sculpture – henry moore, david smith, tony smith, alexander calder, isamu noguchi, alberto giacometti, sir anthony caro, jean dubuffet, isaac witkin, rené iché, marino marini, louise nevelson, albert vrana* abstract expressionism – willem de kooning, jackson pollock, hans hofmann, franz kline, robert motherwell, clyfford still, lee krasner, joan mitchell* american abstract artists – ilya bolotowsky, ibram lassaw, ad reinhardt, josef albers, burgoyne diller* art brut – adolf wölfli, august natterer, ferdinand cheval, madge gill, paul salvator goldengreen* arte povera – jannis kounellis, luciano fabro, mario merz, piero manzoni, alighiero boetti* color field painting – barnett newman, mark rothko, adolph gottlieb, sam francis, morris louis, kenneth noland, jules olitski, helen frankenthaler* tachisme – jean dubuffet, pierre soulages, hans hartung, ludwig merwart* cobra – pierre alechinsky, karel appel, asger jorn* de-collage – wolf vostell, mimmo rotella* neo-dada – robert rauschenberg, jasper johns, john chamberlain, joseph beuys, lee bontecou, edward kienholz* figurative expressionism - larry rivers, grace hartigan, elaine de kooning, robert de niro, sr., lester johnson, george mcneil, earle m. pilgrim, jan müller, robert beauchamp, bob thompson* fluxus – george maciunas, joseph beuys, wolf vostell, nam june paik, daniel spoerri, dieter roth, carolee schneeman, alison knowles, charlotte moorman, dick higgins* happening – allan kaprow, joseph beuys, wolf vostell, claes oldenburg, jim dine, red grooms, nam june paik, charlotte moorman, robert whitman, yoko ono* dau-al-set – founded in barcelona by poet/artist joan brossa, – antoni tàpies* grupo el paso – founded in madrid by artists antonio saura, pablo serrano* geometric abstraction – wassily kandinsky, kazimir malevich, nadir afonso, manlio rho, mario radice, mino argento* hard-edge painting – john mclaughlin, ellsworth kelly, frank stella, al held, ronald davis* kinetic art – george rickey, getulio alviani* land art – christo, richard long, robert smithson, michael heizer* les automatistes – claude gauvreau, jean-paul riopelle, pierre gauvreau, fernand leduc, jean-paul mousseau, marcelle ferron* minimal art – sol lewitt, donald judd, dan flavin, richard serra, agnes martin* postminimalism – eva hesse, bruce nauman, lynda benglis* lyrical abstraction – ronnie landfield, sam gilliam, larry zox, dan christensen, natvar bhavsar, larry poons* neo-figurative art – fernando botero, antonio berni* neo-expressionism – georg baselitz, anselm kiefer, jörg immendorff, jean-michel basquiat* transavanguardia – francesco clemente, mimmo paladino, sandro chia, enzo cucchi* figuration libre – hervé di rosa, françois boisrond, robert combas* new realism – yves klein, pierre restany, arman* op art – victor vasarely, bridget riley, richard anuszkiewicz, jeffrey steele* outsider art – howard finster, grandma moses, bob justin* photorealism – audrey flack, chuck close, duane hanson, richard estes, malcolm morley* pop art – richard hamilton, robert indiana, jasper johns, roy lichtenstein, robert rauschenberg, andy warhol, ed ruscha, david hockney* postwar european figurative painting – lucian freud, francis bacon, frank auerbach, gerhard richter* new european painting – luc tuymans, marlene dumas, neo rauch, bracha ettinger, michaël borremans, chris ofili* shaped canvas – frank stella, kenneth noland, ron davis, robert mangold.