Hai cercato la traduzione di electrophilic da Inglese a Polacco

the molecular initiating event is the covalent binding of electrophilic substances to nucleophilic centres in skin proteins.
molekularnym zdarzeniem inicjującym jest wiązanie kowalencyjne substancji elektrofilowych z centrami nukleofilowymi w białkach skóry.

within the skin sensitisation aop, the molecular initiating event is the covalent binding of electrophilic substances to nucleophilic centres in skin proteins.
w ramach mechanizmu wywoływania skutków szkodliwych w zakresie działania uczulającego na skórę molekularnym zdarzeniem inicjującym jest wiązanie kowalencyjne substancji elektrofilowych z centrami nukleofilowymi w białkach skóry.

thiophenes furans and pyridines are in general the most readily available of the various hetero-aromatic systems and therefore we have carried out a great deal of metallation and derivatization reactions with these compounds. furan and thiophene are cheap starting compounds and the stability of their easily obtainable 2-lithio derivatives permits reactions with a variety of "electrophilic" reagents. hetero-aromatics with two or more hetero atoms (e.g. thiazoles, pyrazoles, oxazoles) are less readily available, and some of their metal derivatives have a low thermo stability (cyclofragmentations). for these reasons their metallation and functionalization reactions have been studied less extensively [1]. the majority of the metallated hetero-aromatic compounds are obtained by direct metallation [1,2,5]. the "hetero-atom effect" (inductive, coordinative and polarizability influence) in most cases directs the metallation to the position 0(- to the hetero atom and gives rise to an easier deprotonation compared with that of benzene [1]. in some cases, bromine-lithium exchange offers the possibility of introducing the metal in a position that is not accessible by direct deprotonation. in incidental cases, grignard compounds have been prepared from halogenated hetero aromates and magnesium.
siłą napędową dla wymiany br/li jest prawdopodobnie znacznie słabszy, w przypadku phenyllithium, ponieważ różnica w wytrzymałości bazowej phli i 3-thienyllithium nie jest duża. z drugiej strony kwasowość 2-proton jest wystarczające do szybko deprotonowanie przez phli.