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en 1400, los ejércitos de tamerlán derrotaron a los kara koyunlu y qara yusuf huyó a egipto para refugiarse con los mamelucos.
in 1400, the armies of tamerlane defeated the kara koyunlu, and qara yusuf fled to egypt seeking refuge with the mamluks.
durante largo tiempo, los ak koyunlu fueron incapaces de expandir su territorio, pues los rivales kara koyunlu les mantenían a raya.
for a long time, the ak koyunlu were unable to expand their territory, as the rival kara koyunlu or "black sheep turkomans" kept them at bay.
las conexiones establecidas con los príncipes de georgia y uzun hassan de los ak koyunlu fueron un poco más viables, y david parece haber contado con su apoyo.
the connections established with the georgian princes and uzun hassan of the ak koyunlu were slightly more viable, and david seems to have counted on their support.
en 1458 él ratificó los tratados de su hermano con el sultán otomano mehmet ii en adrianópolis, y después el mismo año llevó a su sobrina teodora con su marido, uzun hassan de los ak koyunlu.
in 1458 he ratified his brother's treaty with the ottoman sultan mehmed ii in adrianople, and later the same year he conveyed his niece theodora to her husband, uzun hassan of the ak koyunlu.
==conflictos con los ak koyunlu==a partir de 1447, jahān shāh se enfrascó en la contienda con los ak koyunlu, tradicionales enemigos de los kara koyunlu.
==conflict with the ak koyunlu==from around 1447 jahan shah was involved in a struggle against the ak koyunlu who had always been sworn enemies of the kara koyunlu.
# imad ad-din sultan ahmad (at kerman), 1387–1391 with...# mubariz ad-din shah yahya (at shiraz), 1387–1391 and...# sultan abu ishaq (in sirajan), 1387–1391# shah mansur (at isfahan), 1391–1393===kara koyunlu (1375–1468)===# "qara muhammad" turmush ibn bairam khwaja, 1378/9 to "c."1388# abu nasr "qara yusuf" nuyan ibn muhammad, "c."1388 to 1399/1400 and 1405/6 to 1420/1# "qara iskander" ibn yusuf, 1420/1 to 1436# muzaffar al-din "jahan shah" ibn yusuf, 1436 to 10 november 1467# "hasan ’ali" ibn jahan shah, november 1467 to 1468===ak koyunlu (1378–1508)===# kara yülük osman, 1378/9 to 1435/6# hamza, 1435/6 to 1444/5# nur al-din ‘ali ibn qara yülük, 1435/6 to 1438# m‘uizz al-din jihangir ibn ‘ali ibn qara yülük, 1444/5 to 1453/4# uzun hasan ibn ‘ali, 1453/4 to 1478/9# khalil ibn uzun hasan, 1478/9 to 1479/80# y‘aqub ibn uzun hasan, 1479/80 to 1490/1# baisonqur ibn y‘aqub, 1490/1 to 1491/2# rustam ibn maqsud, 1491/2 to 1496/7# ahmad gövde ibn muhammad, 1496/7 to 1497/8# murad ibn ya‘qub, 1497/8 to 1499/1500# alwand ibn yusuf, 1499/1500 to 1500/01# muhammad mirza ibn yusuf, 1499/1500 to 1500/01# muhammad mirza ibn yusuf, 1500/01 to 1501/2# murad ibn ya‘qub, 1501/2 to 1508 (second term)===imperio timúrida (1370–1507)===gobernantes en transoxiana:# abd al-latif ibn muhammad taraghay ulughbek, hijo de ulugh beg, 1449–1450# 'abdullah mirza, nieto de shah rukh, 1450–1451# abu sa'id ibn muhammad, nieto de miran shah, 1451–1469, conquistado khurasan in 1459gobernantes en jorasán:# babur ibn-baysunkur, nieto de shah rukh, 1449–1457# shah mahmud, hijo de babur, 1457# ibrahim, 1457# jahan shah, leader of the black sheep turcomans, 1457–1458"abu sa'id, agreed to divide iran with the black sheep turcomans under jahan shah, but the white sheep turcomans under uzun hassan defeated and asesinado first jahan shah and then abu sa'id.
1388# abu nasr "qara yusuf" nuyan ibn muhammad, c. 1388–1399/1400 and 1405/6–1420/1# "qara iskander" ibn yusuf, 1420/1–1436# muzaffar al-din "jahan shah" ibn yusuf, 1436 – 10 november 1467# "hasan ’ali" ibn jahan shah, november 1467 – 1468===ak koyunlu (1378–1508)===# kara yülük osman, 1378/9 to 1435/6# hamza, 1435/6 to 1444/5# nur al-din ‘ali ibn qara yülük, 1435/6 to 1438# m‘uizz al-din jihangir ibn ‘ali ibn qara yülük, 1444/5 to 1453/4# uzun hasan ibn ‘ali, 1453/4 to 1478/9# khalil ibn uzun hasan, 1478/9 to 1479/80# y‘aqub ibn uzun hasan, 1479/80 to 1490/1# baisonqur ibn y‘aqub, 1490/1 to 1491/2# rustam ibn maqsud, 1491/2 to 1496/7# ahmad gövde ibn muhammad, 1496/7 to 1497/8# murad ibn ya‘qub, 1497/8 to 1499/1500# alwand ibn yusuf, 1499/1500 to 1500/01# muhammad mirza ibn yusuf, 1499/1500 to 1500/01# muhammad mirza ibn yusuf, 1500/01 to 1501/2# murad ibn ya‘qub, 1501/2 to 1508 (second term)===timurid empire (1370–1507)===rulers in transoxiana:# abd al-latif ibn muhammad taraghay ulughbek, son of ulugh beg, 1449–1450# 'abdullah mirza, grandson of shah rukh, 1450–1451# abu sa'id ibn muhammad, grandson of miran shah, 1451–1469, conquered khurasan in 1459rulers in khurasan:# babur ibn-baysunkur, grandson of shah rukh, 1449–1457# shah mahmud, son of babur, 1457# ibrahim, 1457# jahan shah, leader of the black sheep turcomans, 1457–1458"abu sa'id, agreed to divide iran with the black sheep turcomans under jahan shah, but the white sheep turcomans under uzun hassan defeated and killed first jahan shah and then abu sa'id.