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introduction to air pollution air pollution is the presence of foreign substances in the atmosphere, emitted by industries and motor vehicles that cause damage to living organisms. air pollution characteristics air pollution characteristics in a particular region are influenced by: o the type and amount of pollutant and their source of emission. o the topographical and meteorological conditions affecting dispersion, concentration and transboundary transport of pollutants. o the type of technology and various raw materials used in the manufacturing process and the type and quantum of emissions. o the extent of industrialization and population density. air pollutants air pollutants refers to the liquids, solids and gases that are not normal constituents of air that in certain concentration may be hazardous to plant life including human beings. air pollutants include oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, halogenated and non-halogenated hydrocarbons, suspended inorganic particulate matters, inorganic and organic acids, insecticides, bacteria, viruses etc. sources of air pollutants major sources of air pollution are natural sources and man-made source. a. natural sources: volcanic eruptions, forest fires, deflation of sands and dusts, storms, etc. pollutants from natural sources volcanoes: ashes, smokes, carbon dioxide dust and other gases. land surface: salts spray from seas and ocean, dusts and soil particles from ground-surface. extraterrestrial bodies: cosmic particles and rays, chest produced due to bombardment of asteroid materials, comets etc. with the earth. green plants: pollen grains of plant flowers. fungi: fungal spores, viruses. b. man-made (anthropogenic) sources industries, automobiles, agriculture, power plants, domestic sources, etc. pollutants from manmade sources industries: smokes, fumes, dust, particulate matters. domestic sources: gases from kitchen, domestic heating. automobiles: smoke, fumes, emissions from different vehicles. agriculture: insecticides, pesticides and herbicides. power plants: heat from the power plants, smokes, fly ash. classification of air pollutants air pollutants can also be divided into two categories: primary pollutant and secondary pollutant. 1. primary pollutants primary pollutants are those that art, directly emitted from the sources, e.g. ash, smoke, dust, fumes, spray, mist, inorganic gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, ammonia, nitric oxide and radioactive compounds. 2. secondary pollutants the secondary pollutants are those that are formed in the atmosphere by chemical interactions among primary pollutant and normal atmospheric constituents e.g. sulphur-trioxide, nitrogen-dioxide, ozone, different hydro-carbons, etc.
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