検索ワード: funnel greek (英語 - タミル語)

funnel
புனல்

fenu greek
ஃபெனு கிரேக்க விதைகள் பொருள்

funnel cloud
வடுகட்டி மேகம்

functional terms funnel
ஒத்த கருத்துச் சொற்கள் புனல்

the greek sun god's sign
name

in contrast to paper, papyrus has an uneven surface that visibly retains the original structure of the ribbon-like strips that make it up. as the papyrus is worked, it tends to break apart along the seams, leading to long linear cracks and eventually falling apart. roman portraiture fresco of a young man with a papyrus scroll, from herculaneum, 1st century ad the word "paper" is etymologically derived from papyrus, ancient greek for the cyperus papyrus plant. papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the cyperus papyrus plant which was used in ancient egypt and other mediterranean societies for writing long before paper was used in china.[1] papyrus is prepared by cutting off thin ribbon-like strips of the interior of the cyperus papyrus, and then laying out the strips side-by-side to make a sheet. a second layer is then placed on top, with the strips running at right angle to the first. the two layers are the pounded together into a sheet. the result is very strong, but has an uneven surface, especially at the edges of the strips. when used in scrolls, repeated rolling and unrolling causes the strips to come apart again, typically along vertical lines. this effect can be seen in many ancient papyrus documents.[2] paper contrasts with papyrus in that the plant material is broken down through maceration or disintegration before the paper is pressed. this produces a much more even surface, and no natural weak direction in the material which falls apart over time.[3] it is lucky chance that the date of ce 105 was recorded, because cai lun, the official involved, who seems to have introduced some improvements in paper manufacture, worked at the palace as a eunuch. yet just because the new technology was not trumpeted at the time does not mean that it had no effect. on the contrary: up to this point china was lagging behind those mediterranean societies where papyrus was used and where light, inexpensive scrolls could be created. but thereafter the advantage swung the other way, since papyrus, which is composed of organic material not as highly processed as paper, was prone to splitting and deterioration at a much greater rate; this may be why vellum eventually came to dominate, especially in the harsher climate of northern europe. paper, by contrast, gave a good, uniform writing surface that could be smoothly rolled and unrolled without damage, while remaining relatively durable.[4]
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