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tile
ubin

tile horizontally
berjajar horizontal

mama's tile
gentot mama

tile all automatically
susun seluruh jendela secara otomatis

ceramic materials were discussed briefly in chapter 1, which noted that they are inorganic and nonmetallic materials.most ceramics are compounds between metal- lic and nonmetallic elements for which the interatomic bonds are either totally ionic, or predominantly ionic but having some covalent character. the term “ceramic” comes from the greek word keramikos, which means “burnt stuff,” in- dicating that desirable properties of these materials are normally achieved through a high-temperature heat treatment process called firing. up until the past 60 or so years, the most important materials in this class were termed the “traditional ceramics,” those for which the primary raw material is clay; products considered to be traditional ceramics are china,porcelain,bricks,tiles,and, in addition, glasses and high-temperature ceramics. of late, significant progress has been made in understanding the fundamental character of these materials and of the phenomena that occur in them that are responsible for their unique properties. consequently, a new generation of these materials has evolved, and the term “ceramic” has taken on a much broader meaning.to one degree or another, these new materials have a rather dramatic effect on our lives;electronic,computer,com- munication, aerospace, and a host of other industries rely on their use. this chapter discusses the types of crystal structure and atomic point defect that are found in ceramic materials and, in addition, some of their mechanical char- acteristics. applications and fabrication techniques for this class of materials are treated in the next chapter.engineering
ceramic materials were discussed briefly in chapter 1, which noted that they are inorganic and nonmetallic materials.most ceramics are compounds between metal- lic and nonmetallic elements for which the interatomic bonds are either totally ionic, or predominantly ionic but having some covalent character. the term “ceramic” comes from the greek word keramikos, which means “burnt stuff,” in- dicating that desirable properties of these materials are normally achieved through a high-temperature heat treatment process called firing. up until the past 60 or so years, the most important materials in this class were termed the “traditional ceramics,” those for which the primary raw material is clay; products considered to be traditional ceramics are china,porcelain,bricks,tiles,and, in addition, glasses and high-temperature ceramics. of late, significant progress has been made in understanding the fundamental character of these materials and of the phenomena that occur in them that are responsible for their unique properties. consequently, a new generation of these materials has evolved, and the term “ceramic” has taken on a much broader meaning.to one degree or another, these new materials have a rather dramatic effect on our lives;electronic,computer,com- munication, aerospace, and a host of other industries rely on their use. this chapter discusses the types of crystal structure and atomic point defect that are found in ceramic materials and, in addition, some of their mechanical char- acteristics. applications and fabrication techniques for this class of materials are treated in the next chapter.