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subgrade
explanada mejorada

subgrade,
explanación

subgrade(u.s.a.)
cimientos

modulus of subgrade reaction
módulo de reacción

subgrade: upper surface of a road.
subsuelo: superficie superior de una carretera.

increase the bearing capacity of the subgrade;
aumentar la capacidad de carga de la sub-base

increase the bearing capacity of the subkha subgrade;
incrementar la capacidad de carga del subsuelo

the permanent load of the waste dumped in a landfill can produce settlements of the subgrade
la carga permanente de desperdicios sobre un relleno puede producir asentamientos en la sub-base y consecuentemente sobre esfuerzos en las capas impermeables.

the existing subgrade soil was identified as a typical subkha soil with a low bearing capacity.
el suelo de la sub-base existente fue identificado como un suelo de baja capacidad de carga.

how could the contractor achieve proper compaction in the 0.90 m clay cap with an inadequate subgrade?
¿cómo podría el contratista alcanzar la compactación adecuada en la capa de 0.90 m de arcilla con una sub-base inadecuada?

in road construction, foam concrete can be used as subgrade instead of or in addition to the common stone subgrade.
en la construcción de carreteras se utiliza concreto celular de espuma como opción al lecho de piedra.

the acn is defined for only four subgrade categories (high, medium, low, and ultra low).
el acn se define solo en cuatro grados (alto, medio, bajo, y muy bajo).

an airport runway on soft soil may undergo premature deformation due to lack of lateral confinement of the aggregate and to pumping of fines from the subgrade.
una aeropista sobre suelo blando puede ocasionar deformaciones prematuras por la falta de confinamiento lateral del agregado y la contaminación de finos de la sub-base.

the thus produced soil material is loaded onto trucks, transported to the site and distributed via paver or grader in height of the already prepared subgrade and subsequently compacted adequately.
el material del suelo así producido se carga en camiones, transportados al sitio y se distribuye a través de la pavimentadora o grado en la altura de la subrasante ya preparado y posteriormente compactado adecuadamente.

and consequently high stresses in the waterproofing layers. the permanent load of the water in a reservoir may lead to premature failure of the waterproofing layers due to excessive settlements of the soft subgrade.
la carga permanente del agua sobre reservas puede ocasionar fallas prematuras de la capa impermeable debido a asentamientos diferenciales en la sub-base blanda.

however, because of the unavailability of good quality low cost aggregate, a new design was considered: a design that could utilize the existing subgrade soils with its poor drainage capabilities.
sin embargo gracias a la inexistencia de agregados de buena calidad a bajo costo fue considerado un nuevo diseño: uno que considerara la utilización de los mismos suelos con bajas capacidades de drenaje.

surface and subsurface drainage is a major consideration for maine dot and the town of madawaska. premature pavement failure on us route 1 has been attributed to poor subgrade soil drainage, breakdown of the aggregate base, and the migration of fines.
la base y sub-base de drenaje es de consideración mayor para el departamento de transporte de maine y el pueblo de madawaska. las fallas prematuras en la ruta 1 de eua ha sido atribuido al suelo de drenaje que causa la s fallas en la base y a la perdida de finos.

the alphasoil®-06-soil material, produced in the central mixing plant, can also be dumped onto the subgrade and distributed by a grader at the required height for compacting.
el material alphasoil®-06-suelo, producido en la planta de mezcla central, también puede ser objeto de dumping sobre la subrasante y distribuido por un grado en la altura necesaria para la compactación.

appendix c suggested practice regarding foundations c.1 introduction the practices suggested in this section are intended only to supply information to those who are not fully conversant with the foundation problems of important structures. these practices are in no sense to be taken literally in providing the best design for any particular site. the experienced judgment of a competent engineer is needed to pass on any but well-proven sites in any locality, barring only the possibility of spot variations. for this reason, the minimum checks of subgrade included in this section will usually prove worthwhile. such checks may even be superfluous when a qualified geologist has passed on the general area or where the measured settlement of existing structures around the proposed sites, which produce a similar type of loading, confirms the load-bearing capacity to be selected. no set of rules can cover all possible combinations of subgrade loading conditions. types of subgrade structures and the final design of the finished installation may be affected by groundwater or local climatic changes. many large vertical storage tanks have been built with cylindrical shells and flat bottoms that rest directly on simply prepared subgrade. in the case of unequal settlement, a releveling of the tank and subgrade has forestalled failure. however, for tanks that have formed bottom plates, such as may be built according to this standard, uniformity of support and avoidance of excessive settlement are much more important than they are in the case of flat-bottom, vertical storage tanks. hence, sites for erection of tanks constructed according to the rules of this standard shall be chosen only after careful consideration and evaluation of the bearing properties of the soil at the locations involved. c.2 general for a low-pressure tank in the large sizes covered by this standard, the nature of the subgrade can be of prime importance. many industrial plants that require such storage are located near large streams, where the areas to be built on are alluvial deposits. these deposits are usually interspersed with gravel and sand, all affected by previous changes in the course of the stream, so that both the character and depth of the composite layers have no uniformity. the recommendations made in this section will therefore omit any reference to rock or even shales and hardpan (cemented gravel) for direct support of masonry footings. long-standing practices for such conditions are well known. for large tanks that will rest on or near grade level, proper grade preparation can have an important bearing on bottom corrosion. tanks erected on poorly drained grades in direct contact with corrosive soils or on heterogeneous mixtures of different types of soils are subject to electrolytic attack on the bottom side. assuming that soil-bearing conditions have been determined to be adequate, the simplest form of foundation is a sand pad laid directly on the earth. all loam or organic material shall be removed and replaced with suitable well compacted material. often a satisfactory fill material is available at the site. if not, bank run gravel is excellent and is readily compacted. the grade for the tank shall be elevated slightly above the surrounding terrain to ensure complete drainage from beneath the entire bottom of the tank. sufficient berm shall be provided to prevent washing away and weathering under the tank bottom. the berm width shall be at least 5 ft. weathering can be minimized if the berm is subsequently protected with trap rock, gravel, or an asphaltic flashing. the nature of predictable settlement may determine the choice of the kind of support for large field-assembled tanks that rest directly on a prepared grade, sometimes retained within curb walls, as well as for those tanks that shall be supported on ring walls, pedestals and columns, skirts, or ring girders.
dentro de nuestra labor social como entidad sin ánimo de lucro de carácter ingenieril, nuestra actividad inicial consiste en escuchar las necesidades de la población, realizamos algunas entrevistas con el instituto nacional para niños ciegos, fundación juan antonio pardo ospina, donde nos confirmaron sus necesidades inmediatas, no es que no exista la tecnología, es el acceso a ella, lo que se dificulta, sumado al problema: que si la persona es de escasos recursos difícilmente puede darse el lujo de tener una impresora braille en su casa, para ellos es importante el tener la posibilidad de medio impreso en braille, ya que el pensar que una persona les lea un libro, un artículo de prensa o alguna información no representan lo mismo que lo haga la misma persona, generalmente no se lee de la forma correcta, se omiten acentos, signos de puntuación, los sistemas de lectura automática también son válidos, pero con el tiempo la voz robotizada de estos mecanismos hace tediosa y un tanto molesta el escuchar la lectura de cualquier texto.