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to accept and release energy, a battery is coupled to an external circuit. electrons move through the circuit, while simultaneously ions (atoms or molecules with an electric charge) move through the electrolyte. in a rechargeable battery, electrons and ions can move either direction through the circuit and electrolyte.
er mwyn derbyn a rhyddhau egni, mae batri wedi'i gyplysu â chylched allanol. mae electronau yn symud trwy'r gylched, tra bod ïonau (atomau neu foleciwlau â gwefr drydanol) yn symud trwy'r electrolyt ar yr un pryd. mewn batri y gellir ei ailwefru, gall electronau ac ïonau symud y naill gyfeiriad neu'r llall trwy'r cylched a'r electrolyt.