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pontefract in yorkshire was the first place where liquorice mixed with sugar began to be used as a sweet in the same way it is in the modern day.
هرچند باید توجه داشت که طعم اغلب این گونه از تنقلات با روغن تخم انیسون (بادیان رومی) تقویت می‌شود و مقدار واقعی شیرین‌بیان در آن بسیار اندک است.
throughout italy, unsweetened liquorice is consumed in the form of small black pieces made only from 100% pure liquorice extract; the taste is bitter and intense.
در سراسر ایتالیا عصارهٔ خالص شیرین بیان (بدون افزودن شکر) به شکل قطعات کوچک سیاه‌رنگ مصرف می‌شود و طعم آن تلخ و تند است.
we recently evaluated the interactions between rhizobia and root colonizing pseudomonas in liquorice grown in potting soil and observed increased plant biomass, nodule numbers and nitrogen content after combined inoculation compared to plants inoculated with mesorhizobium alone. several beneficial effects of microbes on plants have been reported; studies examining the interactions between symbiotic bacteria and root colonizing pseudomonas strains under natural saline soil conditions are important, especially in areas where a hindrance of nutrients and niches in the rhizosphere are high. here, we summarize our recent observations regarding the combined application of rhizobia and pseudomonas on the growth and nutrient uptake of liquorice as well as the salt stress tolerance mechanisms of liquorice by a mutualistic interaction with microbes. our observations indicate that microbes living in the rhizosphere of liquorice can form a mutualistic association and coordinate their involvement in plant adaptations to stress tolerance. these results support the development of combined inoculants for improving plant growth and the symbiotic performance of legumes under hostile conditions.
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