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the process where auger electrons are emitted from atoms is used in auger electron spectroscopy to study the elements on the surface of materials.
em síntese, a espectroscopia por elétron auger é uma das mais difundidas técnicas de estudo de superfícies e importante para determinar a identidade dos átomos de uma amostra.
in this period he started in situ thin film growth studies by conventional electron microscopy, uhv reflection electron diffraction, leed and auger electron spectroscopy.
==condecorações==* 2005 prêmio davisson–germer==publicações selecionadas====ligações externas==*web page of ernst bauer an der arizona state university
this second ejected electron is called an auger electron, after one of its discoverers, pierre victor auger.
a espectroscopia por elétron auger é importante para determinar a identidade dos átomos de uma amostra.
although this is mainly accomplished by electron analysers, electrostatic lenses also play a significant role in the development of electron spectroscopy.
embora esta seja realizada principalmente por analisadores de elétrons, as lentes eletrostáticas também desempenham um papel significativo no desenvolvimento da espectroscopia de elétrons.
==electron spectroscopy==the recent development of electron spectroscopy makes it possible to reveal the electronic structures of molecules.
o recente desenvolvimento da espectroscopia eletrônica torna possível revelar a estrutura eletrônica de moléculas.
the values are calculated assuming urinary bladder emptying at 4.8-hour intervals and appropriate thyroid blocking (iodine-123 is a known auger electron emitter).
os valores foram calculados assumindo que a bexiga era esvaziada em intervalos de 4, 8 horas e que existia bloqueamento apropriado da tiróide (o iodo- 123 é um conhecido emissor de electrões auger).
core components technical specification, version 2.01(ebccts)* iso 15022 securities – scheme for messages (data field dictionary)* iso 15082 road vehicles – tests for rigid plastic safety glazing materials* iso 15099 thermal performance of windows, doors and shading devices – detailed calculations* iso 15112 natural gas – energy determination* iso 15189 medical laboratories – particular requirements for quality and competence* iso 15223 medical devices – symbols to be used with medical device labels, labelling, and information to be supplied* iso/iec 15288 systems and software engineering – system life cycle processes* iso/iec 15289 systems and software engineering – content of systems and software life cycle process information products (documentation)* iso/iec 15291 information technology – programming languages – ada semantic interface specification (asis)* iso 15403 natural gas – natural gas for use as a compressed fuel for vehicles** iso 15403-1 designation of the quality* iso/iec 15408 information technology – security techniques – evaluation criteria for it security* iso/iec 15414 - open data processing - reference model - enterprise language* iso/iec 15434 information technology – automatic identification and data capture techniques – syntax for high-capacity adc media* iso/iec 15444 information technology – jpeg 2000 image coding system* iso/iec 15445:2000 information technology – document description and processing languages – hypertext markup language (html)* iso 15489-1:2001 information and documentation – records management – part 1: general* iso/tr 15489-2:2001 information and documentation – records management – part 2: guidelines* iso/iec 15504 information technology – process assessment* iso 15614 specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials – welding procedure test* iso 15686 buildings and constructed assets – service life planning* iso/iec 15693 identification cards – contactless integrated circuit cards – vicinity cards* iso 15706 information and documentation – international standard audiovisual number (isan)* iso 15707 information and documentation – international standard musical work code (iswc)* iso 15783:2002 seal-less rotodynamic pumps – class ii – specification* iso 15836 information and documentation – the dublin core metadata element set* iso/iec 15897 information technology – procedures for registration of cultural elements* iso 15924 information and documentation – codes for the representation of names of scripts* iso 15926 - integration of life-cycle data for process plants including oil and gas production facilities* iso 15930 graphic technology – prepress digital data exchange using pdf* iso/iec 15944 - business agreement semantic descriptive techniques* iso/iec 15948 information technology – computer graphics and image processing – portable network graphics (png): functional specification* iso 15970 natural gas – measurement of properties – volumetric properties: density, pressure, temperature and compression factor* iso 15971:2008 natural gas – measurement of properties – calorific value and wobbe index* iso 15985:2004 plastics – determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation and disintegration under high-solids anaerobic-digestion conditions – method by analysis of released biogas* iso 16134 earthquake- and subsidence-resistant design of ductile iron pipelines* iso 16232 road vehicles – cleanliness of components of fluid circuits** iso 16232-8 particle nature determination by microscopic analysis** iso 16232-9 particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counter** iso 16232-10 expression of results* iso/iec 16262 information technology – programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces – ecmascript language specification* iso/iec 16500 information technology – generic digital audio-visual systems* iso 16549 textiles – unevenness of textile strands – capacitance method* iso 16750 road vehicles – environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment* iso 16792 technical product documentation - digital product definition data practices* iso/ts 16949 quality management systems – particular requirements for the application of iso 9001:2008 for automotive production and relevant service part organizations* iso/tr 16982:2002 ergonomics of human-system interaction – usability methods supporting human-centred design* iso/iec 17020:2012 conformity assessment -- requirements for the operation of various types of bodies performing inspection* iso/iec 17021:2011 conformity assessment -- requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems** iso/iec ts 17021-2:2012 conformity assessment -- requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems -- part 2: competence requirements for auditing and certification of environmental management systems** iso/iec ts 17021-3:2013 conformity assessment -- requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems -- part 3: competence requirements for auditing and certification of quality management systems** iso/iec ts 17021-4:2013 conformity assessment -- requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems -- part 4: competence requirements for auditing and certification of event sustainability management systems** iso/iec ts 17021-5:2014 conformity assessment -- requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems -- part 5: competence requirements for auditing and certification of asset management systems* iso/iec ts 17022:2012 conformity assessment -- requirements and recommendations for content of a third-party audit report on management systems* iso/iec ts 17023:2013 conformity assessment -- guidelines for determining the duration of management system certification audits* iso/iec 17024:2003 conformity assessment – general requirements for bodies operating certification of persons* iso/iec 17025:2005 general requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories* iso 17088:2012 specifications for compostable plastics* iso 17202 textiles – determination of twist in single spun yarns – untwist/retwist method* iso/pas 17506 industrial automation systems and integration – collada digital asset schema specification for 3d visualization of industrial data* iso 17776 petroleum and natural gas industries – offshore production installations – guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment* iso 17799 - code of practice for information security management (superseded by iso/iec 27002)* iso 17894 ships and marine technology – computer applications – general principles for the development and use of programmable electronic systems in marine applications* iso/iec 18000 information technology – radio frequency identification for item management** iso/iec 18000-1 reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized** iso/iec 18000-2 parameters for air interface communications below 135 khz** iso/iec 18000-3 parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 mhz** iso/iec 18000-4 parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 ghz** iso/iec 18000-6 parameters for air interface communications at 860 mhz to 960 mhz** iso/iec 18000-7 parameters for active air interface communications at 433 mhz* iso/iec 18004 information technology – automatic identification and data capture techniques – qr code 2005 bar code symbology specification* iso/iec 18009 information technology – programming languages – ada: conformity assessment of a language processor* iso/iec 18013 information technology – personal identification – iso-compliant driving license** iso/iec 18013-1:2005 physical characteristics and basic data set** iso/iec 18013-2:2008 machine-readable technologies** iso/iec 18013-3:2009 access control, authentication and integrity validation* iso/iec 18014 information technology – security techniques – time-stamping services* iso/iec 18023 information technology – sedris** iso/iec 18023-1:2006 functional specification** iso/iec 18023-2:2006 abstract transmittal format** iso/iec 18023-3:2006 transmittal format binary encoding* iso/iec 18024-4:2006 information technology – sedris language bindings – part 4: c* iso/iec 18025:2005 information technology – environmental data coding specification (edcs)* iso/iec 18026 information technology – spatial reference model (srm)* iso/iec 18033 information technology – security techniques – encryption algorithms** iso/iec 18033-1 general** iso/iec 18033-2 asymmetric ciphers** iso/iec 18033-3 block ciphers** iso/iec 18033-4 stream ciphers* iso/iec 18041-4 information technology – computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation – environmental data coding specification (edcs) language bindings – part 4: c* iso/iec 18042-4:2006 information technology – computer graphics and image processing – spatial reference model (srm) language bindings – part 4: c* iso/iec 18092 information technology – telecommunications and information exchange between systems – near field communication – interface and protocol (nfcip-1)* iso 18117:2009 surface chemical analysis – handling of specimens prior to analysis* iso 18118:2004 surface chemical analysis - auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - guide to the use of experimentally determined relative sensitivity factors for the quantitative analysis of homogeneous materials* iso/ts 18152 ergonomics of human-system interaction – specification for the process assessment of human-system issues* iso 18185 freight containers – electronic seals* iso 18245 retail financial services – merchant category codes* iso/tr 18529:2000 ergonomics – ergonomics of human-system interaction – human-centred lifecycle process descriptions* iso 18541 road vehicles – standardized access to automotive repair and maintenance information (rmi)* iso 18629 industrial automation systems and integration – process specification language* iso 19005 document management – electronic document file format for long-term preservation* iso 19011:2011 guidelines for auditing management systems* iso 19092 financial services – biometrics – security framework* iso 19101 geographic information – reference model* iso/ts 19103 geographic information – conceptual schema language* iso/ts 19104 geographic information – terminology* iso 19105 geographic information – conformance and testing* iso 19106 geographic information – profiles* iso 19107 geographic information – spatial schema* iso 19108 geographic information – temporal schema* iso 19109 geographic information – rules for application schema* iso 19110 geographic information – methodology for feature cataloguing* iso 19111 geographic information – spatial referencing by coordinates* iso 19112 geographic information – spatial referencing by geographic identifiers* iso 19113 geographic information – quality principles* iso 19114 geographic information – quality evaluation procedures* iso 19115 geographic information – metadata* iso 19116 geographic information – positioning services* iso 19117 geographic information – portrayal* iso 19118 geographic information – encoding* iso 19119 geographic information – services* iso/tr 19120 geographic information – functional standards* iso/tr 19121 geographic information – imagery and gridded data* iso/tr 19122 geographic information / geomatics – qualification and certification of personnel* iso 19123 geographic information – schema for coverage geometry and functions* iso 19125 geographic information – simple feature access* iso 19126 geographic information – feature concept dictionaries and registers* iso/ts 19127 geographic information – geodetic codes and parameters* iso 19128 geographic information – web map server interface* iso/ts 19129 geographic information – imagery, gridded and coverage data framework* iso/ts 19130 geographic information – imagery sensor models for geopositioning* iso 19131 geographic information – data product specifications* iso 19132 geographic information – location-based services – reference model* iso 19133 geographic information – location-based services – tracking and navigation* iso 19134 geographic information – location-based services – multimodal routing and navigation* iso 19135 geographic information – procedures for item registration* iso 19136 geographic information – geography markup language (gml)* iso 19137 geographic information – core profile of the spatial schema* iso/ts 19138 geographic information – data quality measures* iso/ts 19139 geographic information – metadata – xml schema implementation* iso 19141 geographic information – schema for moving features* iso 19142 geographic information – web feature service* iso 19143 geographic information – filter encoding* iso 19144 geographic information – classification systems* iso 19146 geographic information – cross-domain vocabularies* iso 19156 geographic information - observations and measurements* iso 19439 enterprise integration – framework for enterprise modelling* iso 19440 enterprise integration – constructs for enterprise modelling* iso/iec 19501 information technology – open distributed processing – unified modeling language (uml) version 1.4.2* iso/iec 19502 information technology – meta object facility (mof)* iso/iec 19503 information technology – xml metadata interchange (xmi)* iso/iec 19752 information technology – method for the determination of toner cartridge yield for monochromatic electrophotographic printers and multi-function devices that contain printer components* iso/iec 19757 information technology – document schema definition languages (dsdl)** iso/iec 19757-2 regular-grammar-based validation – relax ng** iso/iec 19757-3 rule-based validation – schematron** iso/iec 19757-4 namespace-based validation dispatching language (nvdl)* iso/iec 19770 information technology – software asset management* iso/iec 19785 information technology – common biometric exchange formats framework* iso/iec 19788 information technology – learning, education and training – metadata for learning resources* iso/iec 19790 information technology – security techniques – security requirements for cryptographic modules* iso/iec 19793 - open distributed processing -- use of uml for odp system specifications* iso/iec 19794 information technology – biometric data interchange formats** iso/iec 19794-1:2011 framework** iso/iec 19794-2:2005 finger minutiae data** iso/iec 19794-3:2006 finger pattern spectral data** iso/iec 19794-4:2005 finger image data** iso/iec 19794-5:2005 face image data** iso/iec 19794-6:2005 iris image data** iso/iec 19794-7:2007 signature/sign time series data** iso/iec 19794-8:2006 finger pattern skeletal data** iso/iec 19794-9:2007 vascular image data** iso/iec 19794-10:2007 hand geometry silhouette data==iso 20000 – iso 29999==* iso/iec 20000 information technology – service management* iso 20022 financial services – universal financial industry message scheme* iso 20653 road vehicles - degrees of protection (ip-code) - protection of electrical equipment against foreign objects, water and access* iso/iec tr 20943 information technology – procedures for achieving metadata registry content consistency** iso/iec tr 20943-1:2003 data elements** iso/iec tr 20943-3:2004 value domains* iso/iec 21000 information technology – multimedia framework (mpeg-21)* iso/iec 21481 information technology – telecommunications and information exchange between systems – near field communication interface and protocol -2 (nfcip-2)* iso 21482 ionizing-radiation warning – supplementary symbol* iso 21500 guidance on project management* iso 22000:2005 food safety management systems – requirements for any organization in the food chain* iso/ts 22002 prerequisite programmes on food safety** iso/ts 22002-1:2009 prerequisite programmes on food safety – part 1: food manufacturing** iso/ts 22002-2:2013 prerequisite programmes on food safety – part 2: catering** iso/ts 22002-3:2011 prerequisite programmes on food safety – part 3: farming* iso/ts 22003:2013 food safety management systems – requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of food safety management systems* iso 22004:2014 food safety management systems – guidance on the application of iso 22000* iso 22005:2007 traceability in the feed and food chain – general principles and basic requirements for system design and implementation* iso 22093 industrial automation systems and integration – physical device control – dimensional measuring interface standard (dmis)* iso 22241 diesel engines – nox reduction agent aus 32** iso 22241-1 quality requirements** iso 22241-2 test methods** iso 22241-3 handling, transportation and storing* iso/iec tr 22250 information technology – document description and processing languages – regular language description for xml (relax)** iso/iec tr 22250-1:2002 relax core* iso 22301:2012 societal security – business continuity management systems – requirements* iso/pas 22399:2007 societal security – guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management* iso 22716:2007 cosmetics – good manufacturing practices (gmp) – guidelines on good manufacturing practices* iso/iec 23003 information technology – mpeg audio technologies** iso/iec 23003-1 mpeg surround** iso/iec 23003-2 spatial audio object coding (saoc)* iso/iec 23270 information technology – programming languages – c#* iso/iec 23271 information technology – common language infrastructure (cli)* iso/iec 23360 linux standard base (lsb) core specification 3.1** iso/iec 23360-1 generic specification** iso/iec 23360-2 specification for ia32 architecture** iso/iec 23360-3 specification for ia64 architecture** iso/iec 23360-4 specification for amd64 architecture** iso/iec 23360-5 specification for ppc32 architecture** iso/iec 23360-6 specification for ppc64 architecture** iso/iec 23360-7 specification for s390 architecture** iso/iec 23360-8 specification for s390x architecture* iso 23733 textiles – chenille yarns – test method for the determination of linear density* iso 23950 information and documentation – information retrieval (z39.50) – application service definition and protocol specification* iso/iec 24707:2007 information technology – common logic (cl): a framework for a family of logic-based languages* iso/iec 24727 identification cards – integrated circuit card programming interfaces** iso/iec 24727-1 architecture** iso/iec 24727-2 generic card interface** iso/iec 24727-3 application interface** iso/iec 24727-4 application programming interface (api) administration** iso/iec 24727-5 testing procedures** iso/iec 24727-6 registration authority procedures for the authentication protocols for interoperability* iso/iec 24744:2007 software engineering – metamodel for development methodologies* iso/iec tr 24748:2010 systems and software engineering - life cycle management* iso/iec 24762:2008 information technology – security techniques – guidelines for information and communications technology disaster recovery services* iso 26000 guidance on social responsibility* iso/iec 26300 information technology – open document format for office applications (opendocument) v1.0* iso/iec 27000 information technology – security techniques – information security management systems – overview and vocabulary* iso/iec 27001 information technology – security techniques – information security management systems – requirements* iso/iec 27002 information technology – security techniques
* iso 19005 portable document format (pdf)* iso 19011 standard providing guidlines for quality and environmental management systems auditing* iso 19092-1 financial services – security – part 1: security framework* iso 19092-2 financial services – security – part 2: message syntax and cryptographic requirements* iso 19101 geographic information: reference model* iso 19105 geographic information: conformance and testing* iso 19107 geographic information: spatial schema* iso 19108 geographic information: temporal schema* iso 19109 geographic information: rules for application schema* iso 19110 geographic information: feature cataloguing methodology* iso 19111 geographic information: spatial referencing by coordinates* iso 19111 geographic information: spatial referencing by identifier* iso 19113 geographic information: quality principles* iso 19115 geographic information: metadata* iso 19123 geographic information: coverage schema* iso 19128 geographic information: web map service* iso 19136 geographic information: geography markup language* iso/iec 19501 unified modeling language (uml)* iso/iec 19502 meta-object facility (mof)* iso/iec 19503 xml metadata interchange (xmi)* iso/iec 19757 document schema definition languages (dsdl)** iso/iec fdic 19757-2 regular-grammar-based validation relax ng** iso/iec 19757-3 rule-based validation – schematron* iso/iec 19790 security requirements for cryptographic modules (see also fips 140)== 20000 a 29999 ==* iso/iec 20000:2005 it service management system (based on bs15000)** iso/iec 20000-1:2005 part 1: specification** iso/iec 20000-2:2005 part 2: code of practice** iso/iec 20000-3:2009 part 3: guidance on scope definition and applicability of iso/iec 20000-1** iso/iec 20000-5:2010 part 5: exemplar implementation plan for iso/iec 20000-1* iso/iec tr 20943 information technology - procedures for achieving metadata registry content consistency** iso/iec tr 20943-1:2003 part 1: data elements** iso/iec tr 20943-3:2004 part 3: value domains* iso/iec tr 22250 regular language description for xml – (relax)** iso/iec tr 22250-1:2002 relax core* iso/iec 23270:2003 linguagem de programação c#* iso/iec 23360 linux standard base (lsb) core specification 3.1 (in publication as of 2005-12)** iso/iec 23360-1 part 1: especificação genérica** iso/iec 23360-2 part 2: especificação para ia32 arquitetura** iso/iec 23360-3 part 3: especificação para ia64 arquitetura** iso/iec 23360-4 part 4: especificação para amd32 arquitetura** iso/iec 23360-5 part 5: especificação para ppc32 arquitetura** iso/iec 23360-6 part 6: especificação para ppc64 arquitetura** iso/iec 23360-7 part 7: especificação para s390 arquitetura** iso/iec 23360-8 part 8: especificação para s390x arquitetura* iso/iec 26300: opendocument format (.odf)* iso/iec 27000:2009 security techniques -- information security management systems -- overview and vocabulary* iso/iec 27001:2005 tecnologia da informação - técnicas de segurança - sistemas de gestão da segurança da informação - requerimentos* iso/iec 27002 security techniques -- code of practice for information security management* iso/iec 27003:2010 security techniques -- information security management system implementation guidance* iso/iec 27004:2009 security techniques -- information security management -- measurement* iso/iec 27005:2008 security techniques -- information security risk management* iso/iec 27006:2007 security techniques -- requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of information security management systems* iso - organização internacional para padronização* iec - international electrotechnical commission* cen - comissão europeia de normalização* lista de normas iec* lista de normas en* - lista de algumas normas disponíveis para consulta e download em pdf