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the rate of change between any two distinct nucleotides will be one-third of the overall substitution rate.
the rate of change between any two distinct nucleotides will be one-third of the overall substitution rate.

1976 step in the pacific climate: forty environmental changes between 1968-1975 and 1977-1984.
1976 step in the pacific climate: forty environmental changes between 1968-1975 and 1977-1984.

3. 4. how to quickly obtain a variation between values as we deeply explained and practised in our previous book, we can quickly calculate the change between two values (initial value and final value) by dividing: final value / initial value e.g.: calculate the change from 50 to 57 57 / 50 = 1.14 this is expressed in unit format. to get the increase into percentage format, we should just subtract 1 and multiply by 100: 1.14-1 = 0.14 0.14 * 100 = 14% anyway, when you get practice in working with unit formats, which recommend because they are faster to obtain, you will be able to directly observe the increase or decrease in percentage too: 1.14 => it is 0.14 higher than 1, so 14% increase e.g.: calculate the change from 50 to 40 final value / initial value 40 / 50 = 0.80 => it is 0.20 lower than 1, so 20% decrease we present some more examples below and remind our readers that they can find a lot more in our first book, specifically aimed to this matter, among others. 9
that is gorgeous