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rain parenchyma the brain parenchyma is the functional tissue in the brain. it's comprised of two types of cells that are used specifically for cognition and controlling the rest of the body. the remaining brain tissue is known as stroma, which is the supportive or structural tissue. intraaxial is a term that denotes lesions that are within the brain parenchyma, in contrast to extra axial, which describes lesions outside the brain. components extracellular fluid: 1400 ml. the brain parenchyma consists of neurons and glial cells. these are supported and maintained by three types of glial cells. oligodendroglia surround and insulate them, while astroglia physically support them and provide them with nutrition. they also eat debris and parts of dead neurons, as do microglia, the third type. additionally, they regulate the concentration of ions in the space in between cells in the brain parenchyma, which keeps the organ as a whole functioning properly, and support the blood-brain barrier, which prevents certain substances from entering the brain via blood vessels. these cells also help with repairs following an injury.