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2.5 innan området föll under rysk dominans under 1800-talet omfattade centralasien en rad starkt oberoende muslimska khanat och emirat, med exotiska namn som buchara och chiva, men dessa var samtidigt avlägset belägna på grund av de stora ökenområden som omgav dem.
2.5 before coming under russian domination in the nineteenth century, central asia comprised a collection of fiercely independent muslim khanates and emirates, with exotic names, including bokhara and khiva, but they were also remote due to the vast areas of desert that surrounded them.