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whether there is a god (monotheism), many gods (polytheism) or no gods (atheism), or whether it is unknown or unknowable whether any gods exist (agnosticism; apophatic theology), and whether a divine entity directly intervenes in the world (theism), or its sole function is to be the first cause of the universe (deism); these and whether a god or gods and the world are different (as in panentheism and dualism), or are identical (as in pantheism), are some of the primary metaphysical questions concerning philosophy of religion.
* la métaphysique contemporaine a vu différents courants : kant tenta de refonder la métaphysique, le positivisme (auguste comte, cercle de vienne) et les idéologies la nièrent, tandis que des résurgences se produisirent (phénoménologie avec heidegger, spiritualisme français avec louis lavelle, jacques maritain, philosophie analytique).