Hai cercato la traduzione di functionalization da Inglese a Portoghese

surface functionalization
funcionalização da superfície

its aromaticity makes it relatively stable, although as a heterocycle, it has reactive sites which allow for functionalization.
sua aromaticidade o faz relativamente estável, embora, como um heterocíclico, tenha sítios reativos que permitam a funcionalização.

this is especially important when functionalization is required (this means grafting of chemical functions at the surface of the nanotubes) to add new properties to the cnt.
isso é especialmente importante quando as funcionalidades da superfície são necessárias (isto significa acoplar funções químicas na superfície de nanotubos) adicionando novas propriedades ao cnt.

a. millard "boranes in functionalization of olefins to amines: 3-pinanamine" "organic syntheses", coll.
a. millard "boranes in functionalization of olefins to amines: 3-pinanamine" organic syntheses, coll.

in addition to ecm molecules, printed arrays containing combinations of growth factors or cell-surface ligands have provided clues into how cells, particularly progenitor cell types, respond to complex extracellular signals. for example, the effect of the notch ligand, jagged- 1, on the differentiation of neural (soen et al. 2006) or mammary (labarge et al. 2009) progenitor cells was shown to be dependent on the context of the combinatorial stimuli, specifically, the presence or absence of wnt or ecm proteins, respectively. cellular microarrays based on spotted biomaterial libraries have also been explored and have provided key information regarding the effect of polymer backbone chemistries and end-group functionalization on pluripotent and multipotent stem cell proliferation and differentiation (anderson et al. 2004, benoit et al. 2008, mei et al. 2010, saha et al. 2011, unadkat et al. 2011, zhang et al. 2009). the extensive empirical data obtained from high-throughput material screens can offer an understanding of cellmaterial interactions that is difficult to predict a priori. in parallel with the advances in presenting extracellular signals withinmicroarray formats, the development of lentiviral microarrays has been applied toward the miniaturization of rna interference screens (wheeler et al. 2005) and is being explored currently as a tool for high-throughput functional genomics. finally, for some applications, cellular microarrays have been developed to include detection schemes as a way to monitor cellular processes within an array format.
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