검색어: apa ini masih ada? (인도네시아어 - 영어)

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인도네시아어

apa ini masih ada

영어

这个还有吗

마지막 업데이트: 2022-02-19
사용 빈도: 1
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추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

ini masih lama?

영어

is it still a long time?

마지막 업데이트: 2024-01-03
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

selama persediaan masih ada

영어

applies multiply

마지막 업데이트: 2019-04-18
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

masih ada yang ditutupi dari saya

영어

the most potent suppressors of gastric acid secretion are inhibitors of the gastric h+,k+-atpase (proton pump) (figure 36–2a). in typical doses, these drugs diminish the daily production of acid (basal and stimulated) by 80% to 95%. five proton pump inhibitors are available for clinical use: omeprazole (prilosec, rapinex, zegerid) and its s-isomer, esomeprazole (nexium), lansoprazole (prevacid), rabeprazole (aciphex), and pantoprazole (protonix). these drugs have different substitutions on their pyridine and/or benzimidazole groups but are remarkably similar in their pharmacological properties (see appendix ii). omeprazole is a racemic mixture of r- and s-isomers; the s-isomer, esomeprazole (s-omeprazole), is eliminated less rapidly than r-omeprazole, which theoretically provides a therapeutic advantage because of the increased half-life. despite claims to the contrary, all proton pump inhibitors have equivalent efficacy at comparable doses. proton pump inhibitors are prodrugs that require activation in an acid environment. after absorption into the systemic circulation, the prodrug diffuses into the parietal cells of the stomach and accumulates in the acidic secretory canaliculi. here, it is activated by proton-catalyzed formation of a tetracyclic sulfenamide (figure 36–2), trapping the drug so that it cannot diffuse back across the canalicular membrane. the activated form then binds covalently with sulfhydryl groups of cysteines in the h+,k+-atpase, irreversibly inactivating the pump molecule. acid secretion resumes only after new pump molecules are synthesized and inserted into the luminal membrane, providing a prolonged (up to 24- to 48-hour) suppression of acid secretion, despite the much shorter plasma half-lives (0.5 to 2 hours) of the parent compounds. because they block the final step in acid production, the proton pump inhibitors are effective in acid suppression regardless of other stimulating factors. the most potent suppressors of gastric acid secretion are inhibitors of the gastric h+,k+-atpase (proton pump) (figure 36–2a). in typical doses, these drugs diminish the daily production of acid (basal and stimulated) by 80% to 95%. five proton pump inhibitors are available for clinical use: omeprazole (prilosec, rapinex, zegerid) and its s-isomer, esomeprazole (nexium), lansoprazole (prevacid), rabeprazole (aciphex), and pantoprazole (protonix). these drugs have different substitutions on their pyridine and/or benzimidazole groups but are remarkably similar in their pharmacological properties (see appendix ii). omeprazole is a racemic mixture of r- and s-isomers; the s-isomer, esomeprazole (s-omeprazole), is eliminated less rapidly than r-omeprazole, which theoretically provides a therapeutic advantage because of the increased half-life. despite claims to the contrary, all proton pump inhibitors have equivalent efficacy at comparable doses. proton pump inhibitors are prodrugs that require activation in an acid environment. after absorption into the systemic circulation, the prodrug diffuses into the parietal cells of the stomach and accumulates in the acidic secretory canaliculi. here, it is activated by proton-catalyzed formation of a tetracyclic sulfenamide (figure 36–2), trapping the drug so that it cannot diffuse back across the canalicular membrane. the activated form then binds covalently with sulfhydryl groups of cysteines in the h+,k+-atpase, irreversibly inactivating the pump molecule. acid secretion resumes only after new pump molecules are synthesized and inserted into the luminal membrane, providing a prolonged (up to 24- to 48-hour) suppression of acid secretion, despite the much shorter plasma half-lives (0.5 to 2 hours) of the parent compounds. because they block the final step in acid production, the proton pump inhibitors are effective in acid suppression regardless of other stimulating factors.

마지막 업데이트: 2014-04-24
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

apakah barang ini masih tersedia?

영어

ya tersedia

마지막 업데이트: 2019-12-26
사용 빈도: 1
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추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

berlaku selama persediaan masih ada

영어

while supplies last

마지막 업데이트: 2019-04-12
사용 빈도: 1
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추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

teks macam apa ini

영어

attitude

마지막 업데이트: 2021-11-29
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

apa ini laundry bapak

영어

teranselite

마지막 업데이트: 2014-12-05
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

kamu anak mana bahasa apa ini

영어

which child are you in this language

마지막 업데이트: 2018-10-11
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

situasi macam apa ini anjing

영어

i hate the situation now

마지막 업데이트: 2020-04-12
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

diskusi ini masih berlanjut, tetapi mungkin akan tertunda.

영어

these discussions are continuing but may be delayed.

마지막 업데이트: 2020-08-25
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

masih berada di episode menunggu

영어

masih berada di episode menunggu

마지막 업데이트: 2024-01-26
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

ada apa ini.. siapa yang kamu maksud

영어

ada apa ini siapa yang kamu maksud

마지막 업데이트: 2013-10-31
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: Wikipedia

인도네시아어

& apakah ini?

영어

what's & this?

마지막 업데이트: 2011-10-23
사용 빈도: 2
품질:

추천인: Wikipedia
경고: 보이지 않는 HTML 형식이 포함되어 있습니다

인도네시아어

apakah ini fotomu

영어

are you understanding

마지막 업데이트: 2021-06-14
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

apakah ini takdir ku

영어

i forget the way to be happy

마지막 업데이트: 2019-04-28
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

인도네시아어

apakah ini baru pertama kali ke indonesia?

영어

are you first time to indonesia?

마지막 업데이트: 2021-03-28
사용 빈도: 1
품질:

추천인: 익명

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