검색어: prerogative of collective ownership (포르투갈어 - 영어)

"repertoires and cycles of collective action.
"repertoires and cycles of collective action.

== a - economia geral e ensino ==* a1 - economia geral:* a10 - geral:* a11 - papel da economia; papel dos economistas; mercado para os economistas:* a12 - relação da economia com outras disciplinas:* a13 - relação da economia com os valores sociais:* a14 - sociologia da economia:* a19 - outros* a2 - ensino da economia:* a20 - geral:* a21 - pré-universitário:* a21 - universitário:* a21 - pós-graduado:* a21 - outros* a3 - trabalhos conjuntos:* a30 - geral:* a31 - compilações de vários escritores individuais:* a32 - volumes:* a33 - manuais:* a39 - outros== b - história do pensamento económico, metodologia e abordagens heterodoxas ==* b0 - geral:* b00 - geral* história do pensamento econômico até 1925:* b10 - geral:* b11 - pré-clássica (antiguidade, medieval, mercantilismo, fisiocracia):* b12 - clássica:* b13 - neoclássica até 1925 (australiana, marshaliana, walrasiana, escola de estocolmo):* b14 - socialista; marxista:* b15 - histórica; institucional; evolucionária:* b16 - história do pensamento económico: quantitativo e matemático:* b19 - outros* b2 - história do pensamento econômico desde 1925:* b20 - geral:* b21 - microeconomia:* b22 - macroeconomia:* b23 - história do pensamento económico: econometria; estudos quantitativos e matemática:* b24 - socialista; marxista; sraffa:* b25 - histórica; institucional; evolucionária; Áustríaca:* b29 - outrosjel: b3 - história do pensamento económico: indivídualidades:* b30 - geral:* b31 - individualidades:* b32 - obituários* b4 - metodologia económica:* b40 - geral:* b41 - metodologia económica:* b49 - outros* b5 - atuais abordagens heterodoxas:* b50 - geral:* b51 - socialista; marxista; sraffa:* b52 - institucional; evolucionária:* b53 - Áustríaca:* b54 - economia feminista:* b59 - outros== c - métodos matemáticos e quantitativos ==* c0 - geral:* c00 - geral:* c01 - econometria:* c02 - métodos matemáticos* c1 - métodos e metodologia econométrica e estatística: geral:* c10 - geral:* c11 - análise bayesiana: geral:* c12 - testes de hipóteses: geral:* c13 - estimação: geral:* c14 - métodos semi-paramétricos e não-paramétricos: geral:* c15 - métodos de simulação estatística: geral:* c16 - distribuições específicas:* c18 - questões metodológicas: geral:* c19 - outros* c2 - modelos de equação única; variáveis únicas:* c20 - geral:* c21 - modelos de corte transversal ("cross-sectional"); modelos espaciais; "treatment effect models"; regressões por quantis:* c22 - modelos cronológicos; regressões por quantis dinâmicas; "dynamic treatment models":* c23 - modelos com painéis de dados; dados longitudinais; séries cronológicas espaciais:* c24 - modelos truncados e com censura; modelos de regressão "switching":* c25 - regressão discreta e modelos de escolhas qualitativas; regressores discretos; proporções:* c26 - estimação de variáveis instrumentais:* c29 - outros* c3 - modelos de múltiplas equações; variáveis múltiplas:* c30 - geral:* c31 - modelos de corte transversal ("cross-sectional"); modelos espaciais; "treatment effect models"; regressões por quantis:* c32 - modelos cronológicos; regressões por quantis dinâmicas; "dynamic treatment models":* c33 - modelos com painéis de dados; dados longitudinais; séries cronológicas espaciais:* c34 - modelos truncados e com censura; modelos de regressão "switching":* c35 - regressão discreta e modelos de escolhas qualitativas; regressores discretos; proporções:* c36 - estimação de variáveis instrumentais:* c38 - métodos de classificação; análise de "clusters"; análise de fatores:* c39 - outros* c4 - métodos econométricos e estatísticos: tópicos especiais:* c40 - geral:* c41 - análise de duração; estratégias de otimização do "timing":* c43 - números índice e agregação:* c44 - teoria estatística da decisão; investigação operacional:* c45 - redes neuronais e tópicos relacionados:* c46 - distribuições específicas; estatísticas específicas:* c49 - outros* c5 - modelação econométrica:* c50 - geral:* c51 - construção e estimação de modelos:* c52 - avaliação, validação e seleção de modelos:* c53 - modelos de previsão; métodos de simulação:* c54 - modelação quantitativa de políticas:* c58 - econometria financeira:* c59 - outros* c6 - métodos matemáticos; modelos de programação; modelos matemáticos e de simulação:* c60 - geral:* c61 - técnicas de otimização; modelos de programação; análise dinâmica:* c62 - existência e estabilidade de condições de equilíbrio:* c63 - técnicas computacionais; modelação de simulação:* c65 - ferramentas matemáticas variadas:* c67 - modelos "input–output":* c68 - modelos de equilíbrio geral computáveis:* c69 - outros* c7 - teoria dos jogos e teoria da negociação:* c70 - geral:* c71 - jogos cooperativos:* c72 - jogos não cooperativos:* c73 - jogos estocásticos e dinâmicos; jogos evolucionários; jogadas repetidas:* c78 - teoria da negociação; "matching theory":* c79 - outros* c8 - metodologia de recolha e estimação de dados; programas de computador:* c80 - geral:* c81 - metodologia para recolha, estimação, e organização de dados microeconómicos; análise de dados:* c82 - metodologia para recolha, estimação, e organização de dados macroeconómicos; análise de dados:* c83 - métodos de sondagem; métodos de amostragem:* c87 - "software' de econometria:* c88 - outros "softwares" de computador:* c89 - outros* c9 - design de experiências:* c90 - geral:* c91 - experências em laboratório, comportamento individual:* c92 - experências em laboratório, comportamento grupal:* c93 - experiências de campo:* c99 - outros== d - microeconomia ==:categoria:microeconomiajel: d0 - geral::jel: d00 - geral::jel: d01 - comportamento microeconômico: princípios subjacentes::jel: d02 - instituições: design, formação e operações::jel: d03 - behavioral economics; underlying principlesjel: d1 - household behavior and family economics::jel: d10 - geral::jel: d11 - economia do consumidor:teoria::jel: d12 -::jel: d13 - household production and intrahousehold allocation::jel: d14 - finanças pessoais::jel: d18 - defesa do consumidor::jel: d19 - outrosjel: d2 - production and organizations::jel: d20 - geral::jel: d21 - firm behavior::jel: d23 - organizational behavior; transaction costs; property rights::jel: d24 - production; capital and total factor productivity; capacity::jel: d29 - outrosjel: d3 - distribuição::jel: d30 - geral::jel: d31 - renda pessoal, riqueza e sua distribuição::jel: d33 - fator de distribuição de renda::jel: d39 - outrosjel: d4 - market structure and pricing::jel: d40 - geral::jel: d41 - perfect competition::jel: d42 - monopoly::jel: d43 - oligopoly and outros forms of market imperfection::jel: d44 - auctions::jel: d45 - rationing; licensing::jel: d46 - value theory::jel: d49 - outrosjel: d5 - general equilibrium and disequilibrium::jel: d50 - geral::jel: d51 - exchange and production economies::jel: d52 - incomplete markets::jel: d57 - input–output tables and analysis::jel: d58 - computable and outros applied general equilibrium models::jel: d59 - outrosjel: d6 - welfare economics::jel: d60 - geral::jel: d61 - allocative efficiency; cost-benefit analysis::jel: d62 - externalities::jel: d63 - equity, justice, inequality, and outros normative criteria and measurement::jel: d64 - altruism::jel: d69 - outrosjel: d7 - analysis of collective decision-making::jel: d70 - geral::jel: d71 - social choice; clubs; committees; associations::jel: d72 - economic models of political processes: rent-seeking, elections, legislatures, and voting behavior::jel: d73 - bureaucracy; administrative processes in public organizations; corruption::jel: d74 - conflict; conflict resolution; alliances::jel: d78 - positive analysis of policy-making and implementation::jel: d79 - outrosjel: d8 - information, knowledge, and uncertainty::jel: d80 - geral::jel: d81 - criteria for decision-making under risk and uncertainty::jel: d82 - asymmetric and private information::jel: d83 - search; learning; information and knowledge::jel: d84 - expectations; speculation::jel: d85 - network formation and analysis: theory::jel: d86 - economics of contract: theory::jel: d87 - neuroeconomics::jel: d89 - outrosjel: d9 - intertemporal choice and growth::jel: d90 - geral::jel: d91 - intertemporal consumer choice; life cycle models and saving::jel: d92 - intertemporal firm choice and growth, investment, or financing::jel: d99 - outros== e - macroeconomia e economia monetária ==jel: e - macroeconomia and economia monetária:categoria:macroeconomia e economia monetáriajel: e0 - geral::jel: e00 - geral::jel: e01 - medição e dados sobre renda nacional e contas de produto e riqueza::jel: e02 - instituições e macroeconomiajel: e1 - modelos gerais agregativos::jel: e10 - geral::jel: e11 - marxista, sraffian; institucional; evolutivo::jel: e12 - keynes; keynesiano; post-keynesiano::jel: e13 - neoclássico::jel: e17 - previsão e simulação::jel: e19 - outrosjel: e2 - macroeconomia: consumo, reserva, produção, emprego e investimento::jel: e20 - geral::jel: e21 - consumo, reserva, riqueza::jel: e22 - capital; investimento (incluindo inventários); capacidade::jel: e23 - produção::jel: e24 - emprego, taxa de desemprego; salários; distribuição de renda intergeracionais; agregado capital humano::jel: e25 - distribuição de renda fator agregado::jel: e26 - economia informal; economia subterrânea::jel: e27 - previsão e simulação::jel: e29 - outrosjel: e3 - preços, flutuações de negócios, e ciclos::jel: e30 - geral::jel: e31 - nível de preços; inflação; deflação::jel: e32 - flutuações de negócios; ciclos::jel: e37 - previsão e simulação::jel: e39 - outrosjel: e4 - moeda e taxas de juros::jel: e40 - geral::jel: e41 - demanda de dinheiro::jel: e42 - sistemas monetários; padrões; regimes; governo e o sistema monetário; sistemas de pagamento::jel: e43 - determinação da taxa de juros; estrutura a termo das taxas de juros::jel: e44 - mercados financeiros e macroeconomia::jel: e47 - previsão e simulação::jel: e49 - outrosjel: e5 - política monetária, banco central, e a oferta de dinheiro e crédito::jel: e50 - geral::jel: e51 - money supply; credit; money multipliers::jel: e52 - política monetária::jel: e58 - bancos centrais e suas políticas::jel: e59 - outrosjel: e6 - formação da política macroecônomica, aspectos macroeconômicos das finanças públicas, políticas macroeconômicas, e perspectivas gerais::jel: e60 - geral::jel: e61 - objectivos políticos; modelos políticos e consistência; coordenação política::jel: e62 - política fiscal; despesas públicas, investimento, e finanças; taxação::jel: e63 - comparativas ou conjunto de análise de política fiscal e monetária; estabilização::jel: e64 - política de rendimentos; política de preços::jel: e65 - estudos de episódios de políticas específicas::jel: e66 - perspectivas gerais e condições::jel: e69 - outros== f - economia internacional ==jel: f - economia internacional:categoria:economia internacionaljel: f0 - geral::jel: f00 - geral::jel: f01 - global outlook::jel: f02 - international economic order; noneconomic international organizations •economic integration and globalization: generaljel: f1 - trade::jel: f10 - geral::jel: f11 - neoclassical models of trade::jel: f12 - models of trade with imperfect competition and scale economies::jel: f13 - commercial policy; protection; promotion; trade negotiations; international organizations::jel: f14 - country and industry studies of trade::jel: f15 - economic integration::jel: f16 - trade and labor market interactions::jel: f17 - trade forecasting and simulation::jel: f18 - trade and environment::jel: f19 - outrosjel: f2 - international factor movements and international business::jel: f20 - geral::jel: f21 - international investment; long-term capital movements::jel: f22 - international migration::jel: f23 - multinational firms; international business::jel: f24 - remittances::jel: f29 - outrosjel: f3 - international finance::jel: f30 - geral::jel: f31 - foreign exchange::jel: f32 - current account adjustment; short-term capital movements::jel: f33 - international monetary arrangements and institutions::jel: f34 - international lending and debt problems::jel: f35 - foreign aid::jel: f36 - financial aspects of economic integration::jel: f37 - international finance forecasting and simulation::jel: f39 - outrosjel: f4 - macroeconomic aspects of international trade and finance::jel: f40 - geral::jel: f41 - open economy macroeconomics::jel: f42 - international policy coordination and transmission::jel: f43 - economic growth of open economies::jel: f47 - forecasting and simulation::jel: f49 - outrosjel: f5 - international relations and international political economy::jel: f50 - geral::jel: f51 - international conflicts; negotiations; sanctions::jel: f52 - national security; economic nationalism::jel: f53 - international agreements and observance; international organizations::jel: f54 - colonialism; imperialism; postcolonialism::jel: f55 - international institutional arrangements::jel: f59 - international relations and international political economy: other== g - economia financeira ==jel: g - economia financeira:categoria:economia financeirajel: g0 - geral::jel: g00 - geral::jel: g01 - financial crisesjel: g1 - general financial markets::jel: g10 - geral::jel: g11 - portfolio choice; investment decisions::jel: g12 - asset pricing; trading volume; bond interest rates::jel: g13 - contingent pricing; futures pricing::jel: g14 - information and market efficiency; event studies::jel: g15 - international financial markets::jel: g17 - financial forecasting::jel: g18 - government policy and regulation::jel: g19 - outrosjel: g2 - financial institutions and services::jel: g20 - geral::jel: g21 - banks; other depository institutions; micro finance institutions; mortgages::jel: g22 - insurance; insurance companies::jel: g23 - pension funds; other private financial institutions::jel: g24 - investment banking; venture capital; brokerage; ratings and ratings agencies::jel: g28 - government policy and regulation::jel: g29 - outrosjel: g3 - corporate finance and governance::jel: g30 - geral::jel: g31 - capital budgeting; fixed investment and inventory studies::jel: g32 - financing policy; financial risk and risk management; capital and ownership structure::jel: g33 - bankruptcy; liquidation::jel: g34 - mergers; acquisitions; restructuring; corporate governance::jel: g35 - payout policy::jel: g38 - government policy and regulation::jel: g39 - outros== h - economia pública ==jel: h - economia pública:categoria:economia públicajel: h0 - geral::jel: h00 - geraljel: h1 - estrutura e Âmbito do governo::jel: h10 - geral::jel: h11 - estrutura, escopo e desempenho do governo::jel: h19 - outrosjel: h2 - taxação, subsídios, e receitas::jel: h20 - geral::jel: h21 - eficiência; optimal taxation::jel: h22 - incidência::jel: h23 - externalidades; efeitos redistributivos; impostos ambientais e subsídios::jel: h24 - renda pessoal e outros impostos não comerciais e subsídios::jel: h25 - business taxes and subsidies::jel: h26 - evasão fiscal::jel: h27 - outras fontes de receitas::jel: h29 - outrosjel: h3 - fiscal policies and behavior of economic agents::jel: h30 - geral::jel: h31 - eletrodomésticos::jel: h32 - empresa::jel: h39 - outrosjel: h4 - bens fornecidos publicamente::jel: h40 - geral::jel: h41 - bens públicos::jel: h42 - publicly provided private goods::jel: h43 - avaliação do projeto; taxa de desconto social::jel: h49 - outrosjel: h5 - national government expenditures and related policies::jel: h50 - geral::jel: h51 - government expenditures and health::jel: h52 - government expenditures and education::jel: h53 - government expenditures and welfare programs::jel: h54 - infrastructures; other public investment and capital stock::jel: h55 - social security and public pensions::jel: h56 - national security and war::jel: h57 - procurement::jel: h59 - outrosjel: h6 - national budget, deficit, and debt::jel: h60 - geral::jel: h61 - budget; budget systems::jel: h62 - deficit; surplus::jel: h63 - debt; debt management::jel: h68 - forecasts of budgets, deficits, and debt::jel: h69 - outrosjel: h7 - state and local government; intergovernmental relations::jel: h70 - geral::jel: h71 - tributação estadual e local, subsídios e receita::jel: h72 - orçamento do estado e do poder local e despesas::jel: h73 - diferenciais interjurisdicional e seus efeitos::jel: h74 - endividamento estadual e local::jel: h77 - intergovernmental relations; federalism::jel: h79 - outrosjel: h8 - miscellaneous issues::jel: h80 - geral::jel: h81 - empréstimo governamentais, garantia de empréstimos, créditos, e grants::jel: h82 - propriedade governamentais::jel: h83 - administração pública::jel: h87 - questões fiscais internacionais; bens públicos internacionais::jel: h89 - outros== i - economia da saúde, educação e estado de previdência ==jel: i - health, education, and welfare:categoria: economia da saúde, educação e estado de previdênciajel: i0 - geral::jel: i00 - geraljel: i1 - health::jel: i10 - geral::jel: i11 - analysis of health care markets::jel: i12 - health production: nutrition, mortality, morbidity, substance abuse and addiction, disability, and economic behavior::jel: i18 - government policy; regulation; public health::jel: i19 - outrosjel: i2 - education::jel: i20 - geral::jel: i21 - analysis of education::jel: i22 - educational finance::jel: i23 - higher education research institutions::jel: i28 - government policy::jel: i29 - outrosjel: i3 - welfare and poverty::jel: i30 - geral::jel: i31 - general welfare; basic needs; living standards; quality of life; happiness::jel: i32 - measurement and analysis of poverty::jel: i38 - government policy; provision and effects of welfare programs::jel: i39 - outros== j - economia do trabalho e demografia económica ==jel: j - economia do trabalho e demografia económica:categoria:economia do trabalho e demografia económica:categoria:emprego:categoria:economia demográficajel: j0 - geral::jel: j00 - geraljel: j1 - economia demográfica::jel: j10 - geral::jel: j11 - tendências demográficas e previsões::jel: j12 - marriage; marital dissolution; family structure::jel: j13 - fertility; family planning; child care; children; youth::jel: j14 - economics of the elderly; economics of the handicapped::jel: j15 - economics of minorities and races; non-labor discrimination::jel: j16 - economics of gender; non-labor discrimination::jel: j17 - value of life; foregone income::jel: j18 - public policy::jel: j19 - outrosjel: j2 - time allocation, work behavior, e employment determinação e creação; capital humano::jel: j20 - geral::jel: j21 - força de trabalho e trabalho, tamanho e estrutura::jel: j22 - carga horária e oferta de trabalho::jel: j23 - determinação de emprego; criação de emprego; demanda por trabalho; auto-emprego::jel: j24 - capital humano; habilidades; escolha profissional; produtividade do trabalho::jel: j26 - aposentadoria; políticas de aposentadoria::jel: j28 - segurança; acidentes; industrial da saúde; satisfação no trabalho, políticas públicas relacionadas::jel: j29 - outrosjel: j3 - wages, compensation, and labor costs::jel: j30 - geral::jel: j31 - wage level and structure; wage differentials by skill, training, occupation, etc.
==general economics and teaching jel: a subcategories==:category:general economicsjel: a1 – general economics::jel: a10 – general::jel: a11 – role of economics; role of economists; market for economists::jel: a12 – relation of economics to other disciplines::jel: a13 – relation of economics to social values::jel: a14 – sociology of economics::jel: a19 – otherjel: a2 – economic education and teaching of economics::jel: a20 – general::jel: a21 – pre-college::jel: a22 – undergraduate::jel: a23 – graduate::jel: a29 – otherjel: a3 – collective works::jel: a30 – general::jel: a31 – collected writings of individuals::jel: a32 – volumes::jel: a33 – handbooks::jel: a39 – other==history of economic thought, methodology, and heterodox approaches jel: b subcategories==:category:history of economic thought, methodology, and heterodox approachesjel: b0 – general::jel: b00 – generaljel: b1 – history of economic thought through 1925::jel: b10 – general::jel: b11 – preclassical::jel: b12 – classical::jel: b13 – neoclassical through 1925::jel: b14 – socialist; marxist::jel: b15 – historical; institutional::jel: b16 – history of economic thought: quantitative and mathematical::jel: b19 – otherjel: b2 – history of economic thought since 1925::jel: b20 – general::jel: b21 – microeconomics::jel: b22 – macroeconomics::jel: b23 – history of economic thought: econometrics; quantitative & mathematical studies::jel: b24 – socialist; marxist; sraffian::jel: b25 – historical; institutional; evolutionary; austrian::jel: b29 – otherjel: b3 – history of thought: individuals::jel: b30 – general::jel: b31 – individuals::jel: b32 – obituariesjel: b4 – economic methodology::jel: b40 – general::jel: b41 – economic methodology::jel: b49 – otherjel: b5 – current heterodox approaches::jel: b50 – general::jel: b51 – socialist; marxian; sraffian::jel: b52 – institutional; evolutionary::jel: b53 – austrian::jel: b54 – feminist economics::jel: b59 – other==mathematical and quantitative methods jel: c subcategories==:category:mathematical and quantitative methods (economics)jel: c0 – general::jel: c00 – general::jel: c01 – econometrics::jel: c02 – mathematical methodsjel: c1 – econometric and statistical methods: general::jel: c10 – general::jel: c11 – bayesian analysis::jel: c12 – hypothesis testing::jel: c13 – estimation::jel: c14 – semiparametric and nonparametric methods::jel: c15 – statistical simulation methods::jel: c16 – statistical distributions::jel: c16 – specific distributions::jel: c19 – otherjel: c2 – econometric methods: single equation models;single variables::jel: c20 – general::jel: c21 – cross-sectional models; spatial models; treatment effect models::jel: c22 – time-series models::jel: c23 – panel data::jel: c34 – truncated and censored models::jel: c25 – discrete regression; qualitative choice models::jel: c29 – otherjel: c3 – econometric methods: multiple or simultaneous equation models::jel: c30 – general::jel: c31 – cross-sectional models; spatial models; treatment effect models::jel: c32 – time-series models::jel: c33 – models with panel data::jel: c34 – truncated and censored models::jel: c35 – discrete regression and qualitative choice models::jel: c39 – otherjel: c4 – econometric and statistical methods: special topics::jel: c40 – general::jel: c41 – duration analysis::jel: c42 – survey methods::jel: c43 – index numbers and aggregation::jel: c44 – operations research; statistical decision theory::jel: c45 – neural networks and related topics::jel: c46 – specific distributions::jel: c49 – otherjel: c5 – econometric modeling::jel: c50 – general::jel: c51 – model construction and estimation::jel: c52 – model evaluation and testing::jel: c53 – forecasting and prediction methods; simulation::[jel: c53 –::jel: c59 – otherjel: c6 – mathematical methods; programming models; mathematical and simulation modeling::jel: c60 – general::jel: c61 – optimization techniques; programming models; dynamic analysis::jel: c62 – existence and stability conditions of equilibrium::jel: c63 – computational techniques; simulation modeling::jel: c65 – miscellaneous mathematical tools::jel: c67 – input–output models::jel: c68 – computable general equilibrium models::jel: c69 – otherjel: c7 – game theory and bargaining theory::jel: c70 – general::jel: c71 – cooperative games::jel: c72 – noncooperative games::jel: c73 – stochastic and dynamic games; evolutionary games; repeated games::jel: c78 – bargaining theory; matching theory::jel: c79 – otherjel: c8 – data collection and data estimation methodology; computer programs::jel: c80 – general::jel: c81 – methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing microeconomic data::jel: c82 – methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing macroeconomic data::jel: c87 – econometric software::jel: c88 – other computer software::jel: c89 – otherjel: c9 – design of experiments::jel: c90 – general::jel: c91 – laboratory, individual behavior::jel: c92 – laboratory, group behavior::jel: c93 – field experiments::jel: c99 – other==microeconomics jel: d subcategories==:category:microeconomicsjel: d0 – general::jel: d00 – general::jel: d01 – microeconomic behavior: underlying principles::jel: d02 – institutions: design, formation, and operations::jel: d03 – behavioral economics; underlying principlesjel: d1 – household behavior and family economics::jel: d10 – general::jel: d11 – consumer economics: theory::jel: d12 –::jel: d13 – household production and intrahousehold allocation::jel: d14 – personal finance::jel: d18 – consumer protection::jel: d19 – otherjel: d2 – production and organizations::jel: d20 – general::jel: d21 – firm behavior::jel: d23 – organizational behavior; transaction costs; property rights::jel: d24 – production; cost; capital, multifactor and total factor productivity; capacity::jel: d29 – otherjel: d3 – distribution::jel: d30 – general::jel: d31 – personal income, wealth, and their distributions::jel: d33 – factor income distribution::jel: d39 – otherjel: d4 – market structure and pricing::jel: d40 – general::jel: d41 – perfect competition::jel: d42 – monopoly::jel: d43 – oligopoly and other forms of market imperfection::jel: d44 – auctions::jel: d45 – rationing; licensing::jel: d46 – value theory::jel: d47 – market design::jel: d49 – otherjel: d5 – general equilibrium and disequilibrium::jel: d50 – general::jel: d51 – exchange and production economies::jel: d52 – incomplete markets::jel: d57 – input–output tables and analysis::jel: d58 – computable and other applied general equilibrium models::jel: d59 – otherjel: d6 – welfare economics::jel: d60 – general::jel: d61 – allocative efficiency; cost-benefit analysis::jel: d62 – externalities::jel: d63 – equity, justice, inequality, and other normative criteria and measurement::jel: d64 – altruism; philanthropy::jel: d69 – otherjel: d7 – analysis of collective decision-making::jel: d70 – general::jel: d71 – social choice; clubs; committees; associations::jel: d72 – economic models of political processes: rent-seeking, elections, legislatures, and voting behavior::jel: d73 – bureaucracy; administrative processes in public organizations; corruption::jel: d74 – conflict; conflict resolution; alliances::jel: d78 – positive analysis of policy-making and implementation::jel: d79 – otherjel: d8 – information, knowledge, and uncertainty::jel: d80 – general::jel: d81 – criteria for decision-making under risk and uncertainty::jel: d82 – asymmetric and private information; market design::jel: d83 – search; learning; information and knowledge::jel: d84 – expectations; speculation::jel: d85 – network formation and analysis: theory::jel: d86 – economics of contract: theory::jel: d87 – neuroeconomics::jel: d89 – otherjel: d9 – intertemporal choice and growth::jel: d90 – general::jel: d91 – intertemporal consumer choice; life cycle models and saving::jel: d92 – intertemporal firm choice and growth, investment, or financing::jel: d99 – other==macroeconomics and monetary economics jel: e subcategories==:category:macroeconomics and monetary economicsjel: e – macroeconomics and monetary economicsjel: e0 – general::jel: e00 – general::jel: e01 – measurement and data on national income and product accounts and wealth::jel: e02 – institutions and the macroeconomyjel: e1 – general aggregative models::jel: e10 – general::jel: e11 – marxian; sraffian; institutional; evolutionary::jel: e12 – keynes; keynesian; post-keynesian::jel: e13 – neoclassical::jel: e16 – social accounting matrix::jel: e17 – forecasting and simulation::jel: e19 – otherjel: e2 – macroeconomics: consumption, saving, production, employment, and investment::jel: e20 – general::jel: e21 – consumption; saving; wealth::jel: e22 – capital; investment (including inventories); capacity::jel: e23 – production::jel: e24 – employment; unemployment; wages; intergenerational income distribution; aggregate human capital::jel: e25 – aggregate factor income distribution::jel: e26 – informal economy; underground economy::jel: e27 – forecasting and simulation::jel: e29 – otherjel: e3 – prices, business fluctuations, and cycles::jel: e30 – general::jel: e31 – price level; inflation; deflation::jel: e32 – business fluctuations; cycles::jel: e37 – forecasting and simulation::jel: e39 – otherjel: e4 – money and interest rates::jel: e40 – general::jel: e41 – demand for money::jel: e42 – monetary systems; standards; regimes; government and the monetary system; payment systems::jel: e43 – determination of interest rates; term structure of interest rates::jel: e44 – financial markets and the macroeconomy::jel: e47 – forecasting and simulation::jel: e49 – otherjel: e5 – monetary policy, central banking, and the supply of money and credit::jel: e50 – general::jel: e51 – money supply; credit; money multipliers::jel: e52 – monetary policy::jel: e58 – central banks and their policies::jel: e59 – otherjel: e6 – macroeconomic policy formation, macroeconomic aspects of public finance, macroeconomic policy, and general outlook::jel: e60 – general::jel: e61 – policy objectives; policy designs and consistency; policy coordination::jel: e62 – fiscal policy; public expenditures, investment, and finance; taxation::jel: e63 – comparative or joint analysis of fiscal and monetary policy; stabilization::jel: e64 – incomes policy; price policy::jel: e65 – studies of particular policy episodes::jel: e66 – general outlook and conditions::jel: e69 – other==international economics jel: f subcategories==:category:international economicsjel: f – international economicsjel: f0 – general::jel: f00 – general::jel: f01 – global outlook::jel: f02 – international economic order; noneconomic international organizations •economic integration and globalization: generaljel: f1 – trade::jel: f10 – general::jel: f11 – neoclassical models of trade::jel: f12 – models of trade with imperfect competition and scale economies::jel: f13 – commercial policy; protection; promotion; trade negotiations; international organizations::jel: f14 – empirical studies of trade::jel: f15 – economic integration::jel: f16 – trade and labor market interactions::jel: f17 – trade forecasting and simulation::jel: f18 – trade and environment::jel: f19 – otherjel: f2 – international factor movements and international business::jel: f20 – general::jel: f21 – international investment; long-term capital movements::jel: f22 – international migration::jel: f23 – multinational firms; international business::jel: f24 – remittances::jel: f29 – otherjel: f3 – international finance::jel: f30 – general::jel: f31 – foreign exchange::jel: f32 – current account adjustment; short-term capital movements::jel: f33 – international monetary arrangements and institutions::jel: f34 – international lending and debt problems::jel: f35 – foreign aid::jel: f36 – financial aspects of economic integration::jel: f37 – international finance forecasting and simulation::jel: f39 – otherjel: f4 – macroeconomic aspects of international trade and finance::jel: f40 – general::jel: f41 – open economy macroeconomics::jel: f42 – international policy coordination and transmission::jel: f43 – economic growth of open economies::jel: f47 – forecasting and simulation::jel: f49 – otherjel: f5 – international relations and international political economy::jel: f50 – general::jel: f51 – international conflicts; negotiations; sanctions::jel: f52 – national security; economic nationalism::jel: f53 – international agreements and observance; international organizations::jel: f54 – colonialism; imperialism; postcolonialism::jel: f55 – international institutional arrangements::jel: f59 – international relations and international political economy: other==financial economics jel: g subcategories==:category:financial economicsjel: g – financial economicsjel: g0 – general::jel: g00 – general::jel: g01 – financial crisis::jel: g02 – behavioral finance: underlying principlesjel: g1 – general financial markets::jel: g10 – general::jel: g11 – portfolio choice; investment decisions::jel: g12 – asset pricing; trading volume; bond interest rates::jel: g13 – contingent pricing; futures pricing::jel: g14 – information and market efficiency; event studies::jel: g15 – international financial markets::jel: g17 – financial forecasting::jel: g18 – government policy and regulation::jel: g19 – otherjel: g2 – financial institutions and services::jel: g20 – general::jel: g21 – banks; depository institutions; micro finance institutions; mortgages::jel: g22 – insurance; insurance companies::jel: g23 – non-bank financial institutions; financial instruments; institutional investors::jel: g24 – investment banking; venture capital; brokerage; ratings and ratings agencies::jel: g28 – government policy and regulation::jel: g29 – otherjel: g3 – corporate finance and governance::jel: g30 – general::jel: g31 – capital budgeting; fixed investment and inventory studies::jel: g32 – financing policy; financial risk and risk management; capital and ownership structure; goodwill::jel: g33 – bankruptcy; liquidation::jel: g34 – mergers; acquisitions; restructuring; corporate governance::jel: g35 – payout policy::jel: g38 – government policy and regulation::jel: g39 – other==public economics jel: h subcategories==:category:public economicsjel: h – public economicsjel: h0 – general::jel: h00 – generaljel: h1 – structure and scope of government::jel: h10 – general::jel: h11 – structure, scope, and performance of government::jel: h12 – crisis management::jel: h19 – otherjel: h2 – taxation, subsidies, and revenue::jel: h20 – general::jel: h21 – efficiency; optimal taxation::jel: h22 – incidence::jel: h23 – externalities; redistributive effects; environmental taxes and subsidies::jel: h24 – personal income and other nonbusiness taxes and subsidies::jel: h25 – business taxes and subsidies::jel: h26 – tax evasion::jel: h27 – other sources of revenue::jel: h29 – otherjel: h3 – fiscal policies and behavior of economic agents::jel: h30 – general::jel: h31 – household::jel: h32 – firm::jel: h39 – otherjel: h4 – publicly provided goods::jel: h40 – general::jel: h41 – public goods::jel: h42 – publicly provided private goods::jel: h43 – project evaluation; social discount rate::jel: h44 – publicly provided goods: mixed markets::jel: h49 – otherjel: h5 – national government expenditures and related policies::jel: h50 – general::jel: h51 – government expenditures and health::jel: h52 – government expenditures and education::jel: h53 – government expenditures and welfare programs::jel: h54 – infrastructures; other public investment and capital stock::jel: h55 – social security and public pensions::jel: h56 – national security and war::jel: h57 – government procurement::jel: h59 – otherjel: h6 – national budget, deficit, and debt::jel: h60 – general::jel: h61 – budget; budget systems::jel: h62 – deficit; surplus::jel: h63 – debt; debt management::jel: h63 – debt; debt management; sovereign debt::jel: h68 – forecasts of budgets, deficits, and debt::jel: h69 – otherjel: h7 – state and local government; intergovernmental relations::jel: h70 – general::jel: h71 – state and local taxation, subsidies, and revenue::jel: h72 – state and local budget and expenditures::jel: h73 – interjurisdictional differentials and their effects::jel: h74 – state and local borrowing::jel: h75 – state and local government: health; education; welfare; public pensions::jel: h76 – state and local government: other expenditure categories::jel: h77 – intergovernmental relations; federalism; secession::jel: h79 – otherjel: h8 – miscellaneous issues::jel: h80 – general::jel: h81 – governmental loans, loan guarantees, credits, and grants; bailouts::jel: h82 – governmental property::jel: h83 – public administration; public sector accounting and audits::jel: h84 – disaster aid::jel: h87 – international fiscal issues; international public goods::jel: h89 – other==health, education, and welfare jel: i subcategories==:category:health, education, and welfare economicsjel: i – health, education, and welfarejel: i0 – general::jel: i00 – generaljel: i1 – health::jel: i10 – general::jel: i11 – analysis of health care markets::jel: i12 – health production: nutrition, mortality, morbidity, substance abuse and addiction, disability, and economic behavior::jel: i18 – government policy; regulation; public health::jel: i19 – otherjel: i2 – education::jel: i20 – general::jel: i21 – analysis of education::jel: i22 – educational finance::jel: i23 – higher education research institutions::jel: i28 – government policy::jel: i29 – otherjel: i3 – welfare and poverty::jel: i30 – general::jel: i31 – general welfare; basic needs; living standards; quality of life; happiness::jel: i32 – measurement and analysis of poverty::jel: i38 – government policy; provision and effects of welfare programs::jel: i39 – other==labor and demographic economics jel: j subcategories==:category:labor and demographic economicsjel: j – labor and demographic economics:category:labor:category:demographic economicsjel: j0 – general::jel: j00 – generaljel: j1 – demographic economics::jel: j10 – general::jel: j11 – demographic trends and forecasts::jel: j12 – marriage; marital dissolution; family structure::jel: j13 – fertility; family planning; child care; children; youth::jel: j14 – economics of the elderly; economics of the handicapped::jel: j15 – economics of minorities and races; non-labor discrimination::jel: j16 – economics of gender; non-labor discrimination::jel: j17 – value of life; foregone income::jel: j18 – public policy::jel: j19 – otherjel: j2 – time allocation, work behavior, and employment determination and creation; human capital::jel: j20 – general::jel: j21 – labor force and employment, size, and structure::jel: j22 – time allocation and labor supply::jel: j23 – employment determination; job creation; demand for labor; self-employment::jel: j24 – human capital; skills; occupational choice; labor productivity::jel: j26 – retirement; retirement policies::jel: j28 – safety; accidents; industrial health; job satisfaction; related public policy::jel: j29 – otherjel: j3 – wages, compensation, and labo