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selskab e er et koncerninternt forsikringsselskab med base i liechtenstein.
company e is a captive insurance company located in liechtenstein.

selskab a re har drevet et koncerninternt genforsikringsselskab i liechtenstein siden 1997 via sit datterselskab a re aktiengesellschaft.
company a re has operated a captive reinsurance company in liechtenstein since 1997 through its subsidiary company a re aktiengesellschaft.

et koncerninternt forsikringsselskab etableres som en separat juridisk enhed i liechtenstein og er opbygget som ethvert andet selskab.
a captive insurance company is established as a separate legal entity in liechtenstein and set up like any other company.

tilsynsmyndigheden mener, at der er to betingelser, som skal være opfyldt for at kunne etablere et koncerninternt forsikringsselskab.
the authority is of the view that there are two conditions that must be fulfilled to be able to form a captive insurance company.

et koncerninternt forsikringsselskab forsikrer på den anden side kun dets egne virksomheders risici og er ikke i stand til at udligne disse risici.
a captive on the other hand only insures its own companies’ risks and is not able to balance those risks.

selskab e anførte, at etablering af et koncerninternt forsikringsselskab indebærer væsentlige omkostninger og kun kan begrundes i hensynet til kommercielle interesser.
company e stated that establishing a captive involves substantial costs and can only be justified on commercial grounds.

i 1973/74 havde vi anmodet kommissionen om at foretage en undersøgelse af de multinationale olievirksomheders fremgangsmåde også under synspunktet de koncerninternt praktiserede priser.
i will deal with the part that mr lange contributed on behalf of the european parliament: equivalent measures were taken in the united states of america.

visse interesserede parter hævdede under den formelle undersøgelse, at fritagelserne fra skat i liechtenstein ikke er selektive, da alle erhvervsmæssige virksomheder har ret til at etablere et koncerninternt forsikringsselskab.
certain third parties asserted during the formal investigation that the exemptions from tax in liechtenstein are not selective as any economic undertaking is free to form a captive.

den første er, at kun virksomheder, der kan absorbere de faste omkostninger, som er forbundet med at danne et koncerninternt forsikringsselskab, kan drage fordel af det.
the first is that only companies that are able to absorb the fixed costs inherent in forming a captive insurance company can benefit.

med et koncerninternt forsikringsselskab er det muligt at fastholde investeringsafkast i koncernen og dermed skabe større fleksibilitet med hensyn til præmierne. selv om disse ikke nødvendigvis er et perfekt forsikringsalternativ, udgør de til dels en konkurrencebegrænsning på forsikringsmarkedet.
a captive insurance company enables investment income on the premiums to be retained within the group and potentially allows for more flexibility in the pattern of premiums.

selskab b er et direkte tegnende koncerninternt forsikringsselskab med base i liechtenstein, der ejes af selskab c. selskab c gør ikke alene brug af sit koncerninterne forsikringsselskab, men køber også både forsikring og genforsikring på de internationale markeder.
company b is a liechtenstein based direct writing captive insurance company owned by company c. company c makes use not only of its captive, but also purchases both insurance and reinsurance on the international markets.

kommissionen estimerede, at etableringen af et koncerninternt forsikringsselskab indebar, at den koncern som forsikringskontrakterne blev indgået med, ville være stor nok til at generere en omsætning, der gør det muligt at dække de faste omkostninger samt at give overskud.
the commission estimated that the formation of a captive company implied that the group with which insurance contracts would be concluded would be large enough to generate a turnover that would allow it to cover the fixed costs and obtain a profit.

dette skyldes, at vilkårene for disse selskaber er af horisontal art og vil kunne opnås af enhver virksomhed, dvs., at der ikke kræves nogen særlig økonomisk styrke af virksomhederne for at etablere et koncerninternt forsikringsselskab, og det gælder derfor for alle selskabstyper.
this is because the conditions for these companies are horizontal in nature and could be achieved by any undertaking, i.e. no specific economic strength is required from undertakings to set up a captive insurance company and it, therefore, applies to all sorts of companies.

der henvises til fsa-rapporten, hvori det angives, at forklaringer fra interviews med kunder gjorde det klart, at brugen af koncerninterne forsikringsselskaber og alternativ risikooverførsel var begrænset til store erhvervskunder. selvforsikring var også mere almindeligt blandt store erhvervskunder, selv om ca. 33 % af virksomhederne i beløbsrammen gbp 20-100 mio. bruger selvforsikring til dækning af visse risici (evidence from interviews with clients made clear that the use of captives and alternative risk transfer products was limited to large corporate customers. self-insurance was also more common among large corporate customers although around 33 % of firms in the £20m-£100m range use self-insurance to cover some risks), og kompetitiv disciplin inden for formidling fra alternativer til forsikring, f.eks. selvforsikring, koncerninternt forsikringsselskab og alternativ risikooverførsel, er begrænset til store selskaber (competitive discipline on intermediation from alternatives to insurance such as self-insurance, captive insurance companies and alternative risk transfer products is limited to large companies).
reference is made to the fsa report which stated that: ‘evidence from interviews with clients made clear that the use of captives and alternative risk transfer products was limited to large corporate customers. self-insurance was also more common among large corporate customers although around 33 % of firms in the gbp 20 million to gbp 100 million range use self-insurance to cover some risks’, and ‘competitive discipline on intermediation from alternatives to insurance such as self-insurance, captive insurance companies and alternative risk transfer products is limited to large companies.’ the authority also considers it significant that the commission’s report on the business insurance market found that there were only approximately 5200 captive insurance companies in existence worldwide in 2005.