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fewer than 20% of exacerbations require hospital admission.
fewer than 20% of exacerbations require hospital admission.

annual influenza vaccinations in those with copd reduce exacerbations, hospitalizations and death.
annual influenza vaccinations in those with copd reduce exacerbations, hospitalizations and death.

roflumilast shows promise in decreasing the rate of exacerbations but does not appear to change quality of life.
roflumilast shows promise in decreasing the rate of exacerbations but does not appear to change quality of life.

both types of agent appear to reduce the risk of acute exacerbations by 15–25%.
both types of agent appear to reduce the risk of acute exacerbations by 15–25%.

tiotropium is associated with a decrease in exacerbations and improved quality of life, and tiotropium provides those benefits better than ipratropium.
tiotropium is associated with a decrease in exacerbations and improved quality of life, and tiotropium provides those benefits better than ipratropium.

=== ataklar ===acute exacerbations are typically treated by increasing the usage of short-acting bronchodilators.
===exacerbations===acute exacerbations are typically treated by increasing the usage of short-acting bronchodilators.

the major goals of management are to reduce risk factors, manage stable copd, prevent and treat acute exacerbations, and manage associated illnesses.
the major goals of management are to reduce risk factors, manage stable copd, prevent and treat acute exacerbations, and manage associated illnesses.

while inhaled corticosteroids (ics) have not shown benefit for people with mild copd, they decrease acute exacerbations in those with either moderate or severe disease.
while inhaled corticosteroids (ics) have not shown benefit for people with mild copd, they decrease acute exacerbations in those with either moderate or severe disease.

=== diğer ilaçlar ===long-term antibiotics, specifically those from the macrolide class such as erythromycin, reduce the frequency of exacerbations in those who have two or more a year.
===other medication===long-term antibiotics, specifically those from the macrolide class such as erythromycin, reduce the frequency of exacerbations in those who have two or more a year.

the rate at which copd worsens varies with the presence of factors that predict a poor outcome, including severe airflow obstruction, little ability to exercise, shortness of breath, significantly underweight or overweight, congestive heart failure, continued smoking, and frequent exacerbations.
the rate at which copd worsens varies with the presence of factors that predict a poor outcome, including severe airflow obstruction, little ability to exercise, shortness of breath, significantly underweight or overweight, congestive heart failure, continued smoking, and frequent exacerbations.