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crime
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essay on cyber crime in punjabi
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hair introduction the biological material/ stains that are encountered in forensic investigation may be derived from human, animal or plant sources, the most common stain of human or animal origin is blood. other stains may be due to secretions and excretions or derived from them e.g. as such or materials from pollens , fiber wood semen, saliva, sweat, urine, faces, etc.,. the stains of plant origin may be derived from fruits, flowers leaves etc. hair, fiber, pollens and wood also constitute an important biological evidence. the examination of biological materials constitutes one of the most important evidence of a forensic science laboratory not merely because of the number of such exhibits it has to handle but of the great significance associated with the results which reflects some very stable character of the source that is involved. the character of the biological stains like blood, semen , saliva etc. generally encountered in forensic practice, are intimately associated with the genetic make up of the individual concerned and if their examinations are performed meticulously and with precision these are likely to offer unmistakable evidence to associate a criminal with the crime or vise-versa. the identification and characterization of all the different types of biological stains likely to be encountered in connection with the scientific investigation of crimes are highly significant through their examination (biological material), nature source and individual involved can be established, if not, in certain cases , they can provide a very important corroborative evidence in forensic investigations mutual transfer of hairs, due to contact, is classical example of locard's principle of mutual exchange of traces. hair, if properly searched, are found in a large number of criminal cases. it is..one of the earliest types of physical evidence, which was considered, collected, evaluated and utilized in forensic work. the identification of hair is not conclusive at the present stage of development except through dna profiling, if hair roots are available or through mitochondrial protein analysis. without these it cannot be said that the hairs in question belong to a particular .individual and could not come from any other person. in extremely rare cases, the presence of some individual dye, contamination, some extraordinary defect or disease in the hair, ffidy permit individualization of the source. on the other hand, it is possible tq exclude some persons as the possible sources of questioned hairs. this exclusion, the possible corroboration and its identification, now, with the new techniques, make the hair evidence one of the important pieces of physical evidence
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